Ulus Baker\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir nokta var: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ahlakl\u0131 olmakla kurallara uymay\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey san\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Oysa bunlar ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Anneniz istedi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u2026
\nToplum ay\u0131plad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u2026
\nDin emretti\u011fi i\u00e7in\u2026
\nDevlet yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u2026
\nCeza almaktan korktu\u011funuz i\u00e7in\u2026<\/p>\n
Bir \u015feyi yapm\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu davran\u0131\u015f do\u011fru olabilir; ancak ahlaki de\u011feri tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc se\u00e7im size ait de\u011fildir. Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 belirleyen d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek ahlak ise insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce se\u00e7ebilmesidir.<\/p>\n
Ulus Baker\u2019in \u201cahlakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fcr\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc tam da bunu anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yaln\u0131z de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Albert Camus de benzer bir noktaya gelir.<\/p>\n
Camus\u2019ya g\u00f6re insan evrende haz\u0131r anlamlar bulmaz. Anlam\u0131 kendisi yarat\u0131r. Tam da bu nedenle ahlaki sorumluluk daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc arkas\u0131na saklanabilece\u011fi mutlak bir otorite yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130nsan se\u00e7imlerinden ibarettir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu c\u00fcmle do\u011frudan Camus\u2019nun de\u011fil, Sartre\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini \u00f6zetler. Sartre\u2019a g\u00f6re insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe mahk\u00fbmdur. Se\u00e7memek bile bir se\u00e7imdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ahlak, emirleri yerine getirmek de\u011fil, se\u00e7imlerinin sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmektir.<\/p>\n
Erich Fromm da benzer bi\u00e7imde insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Ona g\u00f6re insanlar g\u00fcvenlik u\u011fruna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ba\u015fkalar\u0131na devretmeye e\u011filimlidir. B\u00f6ylece otoriteye itaat ederler; fakat ahlaki birey olamazlar.<\/p>\n
Kierkegaard ise daha da ileri gider. Ona g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek etik, kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde kaybolmak de\u011fil, bireyin Tanr\u0131 ve vicdan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na verdi\u011fi karard\u0131r. \u201cKalabal\u0131k hakikatin kendisi de\u011fildir.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Nietzsche ise s\u00fcr\u00fc ahlak\u0131 kavram\u0131yla ayn\u0131 soruna farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015f\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201ciyi\u201d dedi\u011fi \u015feyin ger\u00e7ekten iyi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de\u011fil, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi kabul edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ona g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek erdem, de\u011ferleri sorgulayabilme cesaretidir.<\/p>\n
Aristoteles ise meseleyi ba\u015fka bir yerden ele al\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re ahlak, kurallar\u0131 ezberlemek de\u011fildir; do\u011fru davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k h\u00e2line getiren karakter in\u015fa etmektir. Erdem ancak bilin\u00e7li tercihlerle olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin ortakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta \u015fudur:<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011filse ahlaktan s\u00f6z etmek g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ahlak, otomatik davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Ahlak; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilen, sorgulayabilen, farkl\u0131 davranma g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ebilen insan\u0131n eylemidir.<\/p>\n
Bir robot kurallara kusursuz uyabilir.<\/p>\n
Bir asker emri eksiksiz yerine getirebilir.<\/p>\n
Bir yapay zek\u00e2 b\u00fct\u00fcn yasalar\u0131 ihlal etmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n
Ama bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birini tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u201cahlakl\u0131\u201d yapmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ahlak, yaln\u0131zca do\u011fru sonucu \u00fcretmek de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Ahlak, do\u011fruyu \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyle se\u00e7ebilmektir.<\/p>\n
Belki de bu y\u00fczden tarihte en b\u00fcy\u00fck ahlaki s\u0131\u00e7ramalar, kurallara k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne uyanlardan de\u011fil; gerekti\u011finde kurallar\u0131 sorgulama cesareti g\u00f6steren insanlardan gelmi\u015ftir. Socrates\u2019in bald\u0131ran\u0131 i\u00e7mesi, Antigone\u2019nin devlet buyru\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 karde\u015fini g\u00f6mmesi, Rosa Parks\u2019\u0131n otob\u00fcste aya\u011fa kalkmay\u0131 reddetmesi ya da Gandhi\u2019nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yasalar\u0131na itaatsizli\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca kurallara uyma \u00f6rnekleri de\u011fil; \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyle verilmi\u015f ahlaki kararlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7ta ger\u00e7ek soru \u201cKurallara uyuyor musun?\u201d de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
As\u0131l soru \u015fudur:<\/p>\n
\u201cKimsenin seni zorlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada da ayn\u0131 karar\u0131 verir miydin?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte ahlak, belki de tam o sorunun i\u00e7inde ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ulus Baker\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir nokta var: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ahlakl\u0131 olmakla kurallara uymay\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey san\u0131yor. Oysa bunlar ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Anneniz istedi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u2026 Toplum ay\u0131plad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u2026 Din emretti\u011fi i\u00e7in\u2026 Devlet yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u2026 Ceza almaktan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n