{"id":9131,"date":"2013-08-22T09:03:31","date_gmt":"2013-08-22T09:03:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atif.unaldi.org\/blog\/2013\/08\/22\/btknin-iptv-temmuz-2013-raporu\/"},"modified":"2013-08-22T09:03:31","modified_gmt":"2013-08-22T09:03:31","slug":"btknin-iptv-temmuz-2013-raporu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atif.unaldi.org\/blog\/2013\/08\/22\/btknin-iptv-temmuz-2013-raporu\/","title":{"rendered":"BTK’n\u0131n IPTV Temmuz 2013 Raporu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEK\u0130LER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130 \u00d6ZET\u0130 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\ni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.<\/td>\nG\u0130R\u0130\u015e …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.<\/td>\nIPTV GENEL DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME…………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.1<\/td>\nIPTV\u2019N\u0130N TANIM VE KAPSAMI…………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2<\/td>\nIPTV\u2019N\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 ………………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3<\/td>\nIPTV\u2019DE \u015eEBEKE YAPISI…………………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.4<\/td>\nIPTV KAPSAMINDA VER\u0130LEB\u0130LEN H\u0130ZMETLER …………………………………………………<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5<\/td>\nIPTV STANDARTLARI …………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5.1<\/td>\nITU STANDARTLARI………………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5.2<\/td>\nDVB STANDARTLARI ………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.<\/td>\nINTERNET TV \u2013 IPTV …………………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.<\/td>\nD\u00dcNYADA IPTV UYGULAMARI ……………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1<\/td>\nD\u00dcNYADA GEN\u0130\u015eBANT B\u00dcY\u00dcKL\u00dcKLER\u0130…………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.2<\/td>\nD\u00dcNYADA IPTV B\u00dcY\u00dcKL\u00dcKLER\u0130 …………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3<\/td>\nD\u00dcNYADA IPTV UYGULAMALARI VE D\u00dcZENLEMELER\u0130……………………………………..<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.1<\/td>\nFRANSA …………………………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.2<\/td>\n\u0130NG\u0130LTERE ……………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.3<\/td>\nAVUSTRALYA …………………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.4<\/td>\nKANADA………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.<\/td>\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE IPTV H\u0130ZMETLER\u0130 …………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.1<\/td>\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE IPTV\u2019YE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N D\u00dcZENLEY\u0130C\u0130 \u00c7ER\u00c7EVE ……………………………………..<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2<\/td>\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE GEN\u0130\u015eBANT PAZARI ………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.<\/td>\nSONU\u00c7 VE DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMELER ………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KAYNAKLAR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u015eEK\u0130LLER TABLOSU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 1: IPTV\u2019nin Kapsam\u0131 …………………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 2: \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Paket Hizmetleri………………………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 3: Yak\u0131nsayan \u015eebekeler \u00dczerinde IPTV ……………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 4: IPTV \u015eebekesinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Sistemi ……………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 5: IPTV \u015eebeke Bile\u015fenleri…………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 6: IP Tabanl\u0131 Hizmetlerde Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi Gereksinimi …………………………………………..<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 7: \u0130nternet TV……………………………………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 8: \u0130nternet TV Uygulamalar\u0131……………………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 9: TV \u0130zlerken \u0130nternet Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Kullan\u0131lan Cihazlar ………………………………………………<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 10: \u0130nternet \u00dczerinden TV \u0130zleme ……………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 11: OECD\u2019de Ba\u011flant\u0131 Teknolojilerine g\u00f6re Sabit Geni\u015fbant\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, % …………….<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 12: AB\u2019de Sabit Geni\u015fbant Penetrasyon Oranlar\u0131…………………………………………………..<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 13: D\u00fcnyadaki IPTV Abonelerinin Sabit Geni\u015fbant Aboneleri i\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131, % ……….<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 14: D\u00fcnyada IPTV Abonelerinin B\u00f6lgesel Bazda Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, %………………………………..<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 15: D\u00fcnyada Geni\u015fbant Abonelerinin IPTV Penetrasyonu, 2012 Q1 ……………………….<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 16: En Fazla IPTV Abone Say\u0131s\u0131na Sahip ilk 10 \u00dclke, Milyon ……………………………….<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 17: Baz\u0131 \u00dclkelerdeki IPTV Abonelerinin Sabit Geni\u015fbant i\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131, %………………<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 18: T\u00fcrkiye Geni\u015fbant \u0130nternet Abone Say\u0131s\u0131, Milyon ……………………………………………<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 19: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de H\u0131zlara g\u00f6re Sabit Geni\u015fbant \u0130nternet Abonelerinin Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131……………<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eekil 20: IPTV kullan\u0131m Oranlar\u0131 ………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u0130ZELGELER TABLOSU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 1: Kodlanm\u0131\u015f IPTV i\u00e7in Kapasite Gereksinimleri ………………………………………………<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 2: IPTV Hizmetleri…………………………………………………………………………………………<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 3: IPTV ve Internet TV …………………………………………………………………………………..<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 4: Baz\u0131 AB \u00dclkelerindeki Ticari Uygulamalar ve D\u00fczenleyici Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar…………..<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 5: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de IPTV Abone Say\u0131lar\u0131 ………………………………………………………………….<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 6: Say\u0131sal Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta BTK ve RT\u00dcK\u2019\u00fcn Rol Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131……………………………………<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7izelge 7: Ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fidine G\u00f6re \u0130nternet Abone Say\u0131lar\u0131……………………………………………..<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130 \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n

Televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n izleyicilere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda genellikle karasal verici sistemleri, kablo platform sistemleri, uydu sistemleri, televizyon antenleri ve \u00e7anak antenlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, geli\u015fen ve yak\u0131nsayan teknolojiler sayesinde, art\u0131k televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli medya hizmetleri de haberle\u015fme \u015febekeleri \u00fczerinden sahip olduklar\u0131 tek bir ba\u011flant\u0131 ile sisteme abone olan izleyicilere sunulabilmektedir. \u0130zleyici taraf\u0131ndaki bu tek ba\u011flant\u0131, kablo platform hatt\u0131 olabilece\u011fi gibi geleneksel bir telefon hatt\u0131 da olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn yak\u0131nsayan \u015febekeleri \u00fczerinden sunulan ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rma potansiyeline sahip bir teknoloji olan internet protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden TV (Internet Protocol<\/p>\n

Television, IPTV) hizmeti; televizyon ve\/veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sinyallerinin geni\u015fbant (kablo, mobil, DSL) kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 aboneler veya izleyicilere internet protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlere denilmektedir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, ses ve video hizmetlerinin etkinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli olan internet h\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. Ancak geli\u015fen teknolojiler paralelinde internet h\u0131z\u0131 ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fi olduk\u00e7a artm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece IPTV\u2019de ba\u015far\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim video payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde hizmetler sunulmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan IPTV i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda internet ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Altyap\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131lara g\u00fcvenlik, g\u00fcvenilirlik ve belirli bir seviyede hizmet kalitesi sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda IPTV\u2019de i\u00e7eri\u011fin ki\u015fileri \u00e7ekecek \u015fekilde cazip olmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir. Bu kapsamda, TV yay\u0131n\u0131, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u00e7erik, izle ve \u00f6de, a\u011f tabanl\u0131 ki\u015fisel i\u00e7erik kayd\u0131, kaydedilmi\u015f TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 izleme, TV yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 durdurma, internet, e-posta, e-ticaret, oyun, e\u011fitim, VoIP ve video konferans IPTV \u00fczerinden verilebilecek hizmetlerdendir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan her yerden, internete ba\u011flanabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan her \u00e7e\u015fit cihazla TV seyredilebilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan internet TV ise; IPTV hizmetinden farkl\u0131 olarak belirli bir g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve hizmet kalitesini garanti edememesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel i\u00e7eriklerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00fccretsiz sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi bir avantajla d\u00fcnya genelinde ve \u00fclkemizde h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bir di\u011fer internet \u00fczerinden TV hizmetidir.<\/p>\n

i<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde yetkilendirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bilgi Teknolojileri ve \u0130leti\u015fim Kurumu (BTK) d\u00fczenlemelerine, i\u00e7eri\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise Radyo ve Televizyon \u00dcst Kurulu (RT\u00dcK) d\u00fczenlemelerine tabi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclen IPTV\u2019nin di\u011fer \u00fclke uygulamalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evesine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin IPTV hizmetini normal yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k hizmeti kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi ve bu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlemeye tabi tuttu\u011fu (\u00f6rn. Bel\u00e7ika)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Buna kar\u015f\u0131n herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemeye tabi tutmaks\u0131z\u0131n serbest b\u0131rakan \u00fclkelerin de oldu\u011fu (\u00f6rn. Avusturya)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fclkelerin kendi mevzuatlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde konuya yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, AB genelinde uygulanan tek y\u00f6ntemin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fcnya genelinde de genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Elektronik haberle\u015fme d\u00fczenlemeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan konu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ise; ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hat say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nde olan \u00fclkelerde IPTV konusunda ilave bir d\u00fczenlemeye gidilmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, yerel a\u011f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ilerleme katedemeyen \u00fclkelerde ise, veri ak\u0131\u015f eri\u015fimi kapsam\u0131nda multicast y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn getirilebildi\u011fi<\/p>\n

g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemiz sabit geni\u015fbant abone say\u0131s\u0131 ve h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda IPTV hizmetinden faydalanan abonelerin say\u0131s\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan IPTV hizmetlerinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in potansiyelin b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Nitekim IPTV hizmetlerinin, toplam TV sahibi hane halk\u0131na oran\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye incelenmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7erisinde son s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n birinci \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibariyle toplam 8 milyon civar\u0131nda olan sabit geni\u015fbant abonelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n 8 Mbps\u2019e kadar ve 8Mbps \u00fcst\u00fc h\u0131zlardaki ba\u011flant\u0131lardan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun da IPTV ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in potansiyeli artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sadece altyap\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda zengin i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde sunulmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evenin belirli olmas\u0131 da IPTV\u2019nin yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda,<\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde BTK taraf\u0131ndan IPTV hizmeti sunan TTNet ile di\u011fer \u0130SS\u2019lerin etkin bir bi\u00e7imde rekabet edebilmeleri ve benzer hizmetler sunabilmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla; T\u00fcrk Telekom\u2019un VAE topolojisinde multicast teknolojisinin kullan\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde eri\u015fim hizmeti sunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ii<\/p>\n

1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon sekt\u00f6rlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n giderek birbirlerine yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na en temel \u00f6rnek olarak ses iletimi amac\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan telefon hatlar\u0131n\u0131n standart veya y\u00fcksek kaliteli canl\u0131 TV veya iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 video programlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren geni\u015fbantl\u0131 veri hizmetlerini sunacak \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilmesi g\u00f6sterilebilir. Bu y\u00f6ndeki bir geli\u015fme ayn\u0131 zamanda TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 programlar\u0131n h\u0131zla artmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan IP teknolojisinde ve geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim teknolojisindeki geli\u015fmeler sonucu farkl\u0131 \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden sadece ses ve veri hizmetlerinin verilmesi cazibesini kaybetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, rekabet edilebilirli\u011fin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fteri ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u201cKatma De\u011ferli Hizmetler\u201d gittik\u00e7e \u00f6nem kazanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015fbant\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara eri\u015filmesi ve say\u0131sal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma tekniklerinin geli\u015fmesi sayesinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde \u00fcretilen i\u00e7eriklere, depoland\u0131klar\u0131 sunucular arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile herhangi bir zamanda ve herhangi bir yerden eri\u015filebilmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fmeler neticesinde y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 internet, telefon ve TV paketinden olu\u015fan ve \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyun (triple play) (ses, veri ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan paket hizmetler yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131c\u0131lara sunulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde de TV hizmetlerinin paket olarak sunuldu\u011fu yetkilendirmeler (kablo platform, uydu platform) yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Geli\u015fen teknolojiler, yenilenen i\u015f modelleri, yak\u0131nsayan hizmetler ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n artan ve \u00e7e\u015fitlenen talepleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rekabet d\u00fczeyi de gittik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r. Art\u0131k kablo TV hizmetlerine benzer ve bunlarla rekabet edecek bi\u00e7imde geni\u015fbantl\u0131 internet hatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden set \u00fcst\u00fc cihazlara iletilen say\u0131sal TV hizmetleri, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle IPTV (Internet Protocol<\/p>\n

TV) hizmetleri, rekabetin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Aktivitelerin geni\u015flemesi ile birlikte gereksinim duyulan teknoloji, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara y\u00fcksek h\u0131z imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sunabilen geni\u015fbant teknolojiler olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131dan kullan\u0131c\u0131ya (peer- to-peer-P2P)dosya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in 1-2 Mbit\/s Say\u0131sal Abone Hatt\u0131 (Digital Subscriber Line-<\/p>\n

DSL) teknolojilerinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteyken, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve IPTV gibi uygulamalar i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015fabilen DSL teknolojileri bir ihtiya\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DSL teknolojileri kendi i\u00e7erisinde de artan h\u0131z ihtiyac\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak,<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri8x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

y\u00fcksek tan\u0131ml\u0131 (High Definition-HD) TV ve 3 boyutlu oyunlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte h\u0131z kapasitelerini art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle, uzaktan bar\u0131nd\u0131rma, bulut bili\u015fim ve 3 boyutlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc\/TV gibi yenilik\u00e7i teknolojilerin y\u00fcksek kapasitede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in geleneksel sabit geni\u015fbant teknolojileri yeterli h\u0131z seviyesini sa\u011flayamamaktad\u0131r. Fiber internet gibi yeni nesil eri\u015fim \u015febekelerine olan ihtiya\u00e7 giderek artmaktad\u0131r1.<\/p>\n

IPTV, en basit haliyle ses, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve verinin t\u00fcmle\u015fik halidir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, ses ve video hizmetlerinin etkinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli olan internet h\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. Ancak geli\u015fen teknolojiler paralelinde internet h\u0131z\u0131 ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fi olduk\u00e7a artm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece IPTV de ba\u015far\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Az say\u0131da ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalitede yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n iletimine olanak sa\u011flayan geleneksel karasal \u015febekelerden \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve y\u00fcksek kalite de yay\u0131n iletimine olanak sa\u011flayan \u015febekelere do\u011fru olan ge\u00e7i\u015f paralelinde TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 programlar\u0131n (Video on Demand-VoD)say\u0131s\u0131nda da art\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Artan \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, izleyiciler de kendi zevklerine ve ilgi alanlar\u0131na uyan, b\u00f6lgesel, ulusal ve hatta k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeydeki program tercihlerini yapabilmekte, hangi program\u0131, ne zaman ve nerede<\/p>\n

(televizyon, bilgisayar, cep telefonu vb.) izleyeceklerine karar verebilmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Bir merkezden yay\u0131nlanan haber, e\u011flence, e\u011fitim gibi i\u00e7eriklerdeki yay\u0131nlar\u0131n sadece izlenmesine olanak tan\u0131yan bir cihaz olarak tan\u0131mlanabilen televizyon, IPTV ile birlikte sadece yay\u0131nlar\u0131 alan bir cihaz olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, etkile\u015fimli \u00e7ok fonksiyonlu bir cihaz haline gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IPTV’nin geleneksel TV sistemlerine g\u00f6re en \u00f6nemli avantajlar\u0131 her kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir yay\u0131n\u0131 izleyebilmesi ve iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc ileti\u015fim yetene\u011finin olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IPTV hizmeti ba\u015fta d\u00fczenleme olmak \u00fczere, ticari ba\u015far\u0131, i\u00e7erik, i\u015f modelleri gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda hen\u00fcz bir\u00e7ok soru i\u015faretini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen gelecekte TV yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir hizmet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi IPTV kavram\u0131n\u0131n en do\u011fru \u015fekilde incelenmesi ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda, yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde IPTV\u2019nin tan\u0131m\u0131, kapsam\u0131, \u00f6zellikleri gibi genel de\u011ferlendirmelere yer verilmesinin ard\u0131ndan; ifade benzerli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla<\/p>\n

1 Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisinin Yenilenmesi Projesi Geni\u015fbant Altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve Sekt\u00f6rel Rekabet Ekseni Mevcut Durum Raporu 4 \u015eubat 2013<\/p>\n

2<\/p>\n

\u00e7o\u011funlukla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen internet TV\u2019nin IPTV\u2019den farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na ve \u00f6zelliklerine \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan d\u00fcnya uygulamalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda; IPTV\u2019nin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in gereklilik olan geni\u015fbant abone say\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlere, IPTV\u2019nin s\u00f6z konusu aboneler kapsam\u0131nda kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131na ve baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki uygulamalarla d\u00fczenlemelere yer verilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de IPTV ile ilgili geli\u015fmelerin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra bu<\/p>\n

\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 ve de\u011ferlendirmelere son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

3<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri10x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

2. IPTV GENEL DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n

IPTV ile ilgili say\u0131sal b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklere, hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eveye ve \u00fclke uygulamalar\u0131na yer vermeden \u00f6nce IPTV\u2019nin tan\u0131m ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zelliklerinin, standartlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u015febeke yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n belirtilerek internet TV\u2019den farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na yer verilmesinin fayda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

2.1 IPTV\u2019nin Tan\u0131m ve Kapsam\u0131<\/p>\n

IPTV, ITU taraf\u0131ndan televizyon\/video\/ses\/metin\/grafik\/verinin IP tabanl\u0131 \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden belirli bir hizmet kalitesinde, g\u00fcvenlikte ve g\u00fcvenilirlikte etkile\u015fimli olarak ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 1)<\/a>. \u0130nternet \u00fczerinde dola\u015fan ve herhangi birisi taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilen videolardan farkl\u0131 olarak IPTV\u2019de IP adresleri ve konum bilgileri \u015febeke i\u015fletmecileri taraf\u0131ndan bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Sadiku ve Nelatury, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 1: IPTV\u2019nin Kapsam\u0131<\/p>\n

4<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri11x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, IPTV \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc ileti\u015fime etkile\u015fimli olarak izin vererek kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi hizmetleri almas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131makta ve geleneksel televizyon yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan talep edilen film, video oyunu gibi herhangi bir i\u00e7erik hizmeti kendisine sunulmakta ve hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tercihlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r(Fredebeul-Krein ve Steingr\u00f6ver, 2013).<\/p>\n

IPTV ile birlikte tek kanal \u00fczerinden (g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc transferi-TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131, veri haberle\u015fmesi- standart internet kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve VoIP) \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc paket ileti\u015fim sistemi (\u015eekil 2<\/a>) yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yay\u0131n\u0131n eve kadar ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tamamen var olan internet altyap\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131larak sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r (Atan, 2009).<\/p>\n

Kaynak: http:\/\/www.optotel.pl\/pl\/technologie\/triple-play<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekil 2: \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Paket Hizmetleri<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019de yay\u0131n\u0131n istenilen noktalarda durdurulmas\u0131, geri sar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ileri al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc (picture in picture\u2013PIP) deste\u011fi ve direkt internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ile yay\u0131n\u0131 izlerken ayr\u0131 bir pencere ile internette gezinti yap\u0131labilmekte ve izlenen yay\u0131nla ilgili detaylar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilebilmektedir (Atan, 2009). Bu itibarla, IPTV\u2019de sunulan TV yay\u0131n\u0131nda gelen paketlerin s\u0131ras\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Nitekim TV yay\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda herhangi bir paketin atlanmas\u0131 veya bozuk bir paketin iletilmesi kabul edilemeyece\u011finden, IPTV ile birlikte internet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki hizmet kalitesinin (Quality of Services-QoS) ciddi anlamda art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

5<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019ye yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir TV ekran\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla say\u0131sal televizyon kanallar\u0131n\u0131 evdeki kullan\u0131c\u0131ya da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in yeni ve basit bir platformdur. Telekom sekt\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda IPTV, geleneksel TV\u2019nin yerini alabilece\u011fi gibi tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc geleneksel TV\u2019nin \u00f6tesinde potansiyeli olan ve interaktif ileti\u015fim sa\u011flayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta katma de\u011ferli hizmetlere de zemin haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r (BTK, 2008).<\/p>\n

TV kanallar\u0131 bir yay\u0131n merkezinde IP paketlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim teknolojileri \u00fczerinden m\u00fc\u015fteri lokasyonuna ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fteri lokasyonunda eri\u015fimin sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131 modem vb. cihazlara ilave olarak set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz (Set Top Box-STB) olarak ifade edilen bir kod \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. STB genel olarak uydu, kablo, DSL veya karasal olarak gelen sinyalleri alarak bunlar\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcp ekrana g\u00f6nderen ve televizyon ile d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen sinyaller aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kuran cihaz \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. IPTV hizmeti i\u00e7in ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, IP a\u011f\u0131ndan gelen kodlanm\u0131\u015f IP paketlerini alarak bunlar\u0131n kodunu \u00e7\u00f6zen ve ekranda izlenebilir bi\u00e7ime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren u\u00e7 cihazd\u0131r. IPTV hizmeti sunulurken; i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yay\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u015fletmecinin yay\u0131n merkezine, daha sonra da omurga ve eri\u015fim \u00fczerinden kullan\u0131c\u0131lara iletilmektedir (Acar, 2010).<\/p>\n

2.2 IPTV\u2019nin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, telekom\u00fcnikasyon hizmetlerini geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim platformlar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla alan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ses ve veriyi \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak iletebilmektedirler. IPTV vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yay\u0131nlar\u0131n etkile\u015fimli olarak izlenebilmesi ve canl\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131n daha sonra izlenebilmesi gibi \u00f6zellikler kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc paket hizmetinin ayn\u0131 kaynaktan sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ile kullan\u0131c\u0131lar IPTV, telefon ve internet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00f6de-izle yoluyla istenilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc edinebilecek, say\u0131sal haberle\u015fme ve bunlar\u0131n katma de\u011ferli hizmetlerinden faydalanabileceklerdir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan \u015fekilde yak\u0131nsayan \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden sunulan hizmetler g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, IPTV\u2019nin farkl\u0131 \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden sunulabildi\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra telefon ve internet hizmetleriyle birlikte sunulabildi\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

6<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri13x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: http:\/\/www.dmiinter.com\/iptv\/index.php\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekil 3: Yak\u0131nsayan \u015eebekeler \u00dczerinde IPTV<\/p>\n

Genel olarak IPTV teknolojisinin \u00f6zellikleri (BTK, 2008);<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Bir\u00e7ok i\u00e7erik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilen s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kanal kapasitesi sunabilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Yay\u0131n\u0131n kapsama alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zel i\u00e7erik sa\u011flayabilmesi ve b\u00f6lgesel olarak \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7VoD gibi \u00f6zellikler sa\u011flayarak geleneksel video hizmetlerinin sunulabilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Ses, e-posta, caller ID gibi etkile\u015fimli hizmetleri TV \u00fczerinden sunarak \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zellikleri bir arada kullan\u0131c\u0131ya iletebilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7\u015eebeke tabanl\u0131 \u00f6zel (ki\u015fisel) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kayd\u0131 (Private Video Recording-PVR) \u00f6zelli\u011fi sa\u011flayabilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Ta\u015f\u0131nabilirlik \u00f6zelli\u011finin olmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u015feklinde s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da yer verilen avantajlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n IPTV uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli dezavantajlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. IPTV\u2019de en temel problemlerden birisi sistemdeki gecikmeler olarak belirtilebilir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere haberle\u015fme sistemlerinde iletim s\u0131ras\u0131nda alg\u0131lanamayacak boyutlarda gecikme olmaktad\u0131r. As\u0131l gecikmeye ortamdaki cihazlar sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Switch, router gibi cihazlar gelen bir paketi do\u011fru porta y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in bir miktar s\u00fcreye ihtiya\u00e7<\/p>\n

7<\/p>\n

duymaktad\u0131rlar. Veri kayna\u011f\u0131ndan uzakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a cihaz say\u0131s\u0131 da artar ve bu durum da gecikmeye sebep verir. Di\u011fer bir problem ise internet protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde y\u00fcz g\u00fcvenilir olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6ze batan ba\u015fka problem ise kaliteli bir altyap\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131d\u0131r. Hat kalitesinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, ani ba\u011flant\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerinin ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fliklerinin sunulabilmesi gereklidir. Sistemin IP temelli olmas\u0131 da g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca bir problem te\u015fkil etmektedir (Atan, 2009).<\/p>\n

2.3 IPTV\u2019de \u015eebeke Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n

Metin halindeki dosyalar en az veri ihtiva eden ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan dosyalar olarak nitelendirilirken, veri y\u00fck\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ikinci s\u0131rada bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f metin dosyalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Daha sonra resim dosyalar\u0131 (hareketsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc), video ve TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla en fazla veri kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lan uygulamalar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

IPTV teknolojisi, gerekli hizmetleri kullan\u0131c\u0131lara sunmak i\u00e7in geleneksel telekom \u015febekesinin iyile\u015ftirilmesini ve geli\u015ftirilmesini zorunlu hale getirmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin DSL, IPTV hizmetleri i\u00e7in uygun bir altyap\u0131 ortam\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, d\u00fcnyada bir\u00e7ok i\u015fletmecinin bak\u0131r kablo altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 fiber optik kablolar ile de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi sonucunda kullan\u0131c\u0131lara y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim hizmeti sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kablo TV, telsiz sistemler ve uydu hizmetinden faydalanan kullan\u0131c\u0131lara da art\u0131k IPTV hizmetlerinin verilmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IPTV, \u00e7oklu yay\u0131n ve tekli yay\u0131n olmak \u00fczere iki tip teknoloji \u00fczerinden sunulabilmektedir (\u015eekil 4)<\/a>. \u00c7oklu yay\u0131nda, yay\u0131n sunucusu her bir yay\u0131n kanal\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece tek video da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken; tekli yay\u0131n kapsam\u0131nda sunucu her bir izleyici i\u00e7in bir video da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, tekli yay\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan bant geni\u015fli\u011fi \u00e7oklu yay\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazla artmaktad\u0131r (Fredebeul-Krein ve Steingr\u00f6ver, 2013). Ancak bu noktada belirtilmesi gereken husus, altyap\u0131n\u0131n hizmet kalitesinin iyi olmas\u0131 kadar sunulacak i\u00e7eri\u011fin de kullan\u0131c\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cezp edici olmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fidir. Bu sebeple, sinema kanallar\u0131, bilgi ve e\u011flence kanallar\u0131, haber ve finans kanallar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk ve animasyon kanallar\u0131, spor kanallar\u0131 ve video yay\u0131n\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131n i\u00e7erikleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri15x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Cullen International<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 4: IPTV \u015eebekesinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Sistemi<\/p>\n

IPTV hizmetinin sunulmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan eri\u015fim \u015febekeleri genellikle y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 DSL<\/p>\n

(ADSL2+, VDSL), Metro Ethernet ve eve kadar fiber (Fiber To The Home-FTTH) gibi<\/p>\n

\u015febekelerdir. Ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer baz\u0131 se\u00e7enekler de mevcuttur. \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar saha dolab\u0131na kadar fiber (Fiber To The Curb- FTTC) ve DSL teknolojilerini birlikte kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: http:\/\/www.iptvnedir.com\/iptv-yapisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekil 5: IPTV \u015eebeke Bile\u015fenleri<\/p>\n

9<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri16x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

IPTV \u015febekesinde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulabilecek olan bant geni\u015flikleri, yay\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak olan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kodlama tekni\u011fi ve hizmet bant geni\u015fli\u011fi ile ilgilidir. \u00c7izelge 1\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Y\u00fcksek Tan\u0131ml\u0131 TV (High Definition TV-HDTV) yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n MPEG2 kodlama tekni\u011fi ile izlenebilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli asgari bant geni\u015fli\u011fi 16 Mbps iken, Standart TV (Standart Definition Television-SDTV) ve video yay\u0131n isteklerini VoD gibi etkile\u015fimli olarak izleyebilmek i\u00e7in asgari bantgeni\u015fli\u011fi 5 Mbps\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 1: Kodlanm\u0131\u015f IPTV i\u00e7in Kapasite Gereksinimleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kapasite Gereksinimi (Mbps)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hizmetler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MPEG2 Kodlama<\/td>\nMPEG4 Kodlama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HDTV<\/td>\n16 – 20<\/td>\n6 – 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SDTV<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VoD<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kaynak: BTK<\/p>\n

IP bazl\u0131 hizmetlerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek kapasiteli \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i i\u00e7erik arz ve talebinin artmas\u0131yla, t\u00fcketicilerin veri kullan\u0131m\u0131 artmakta ve bu durum y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fli\u011fi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemektedir. IP tabanl\u0131 altyap\u0131 da yeni nesil eri\u015fim \u015febekeleri ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fli\u011fini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 6)<\/a>1. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, IPTV hizmetlerinin sunulabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u015febeke altyap\u0131s\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hizmet ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap verebilecek duruma getirilmeli, geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim sa\u011flanabilmeli, hizmet kalitesi u\u00e7tan uca sunulabilmeli ve abone ile hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmelidir. Yak\u0131nsaman\u0131n etkisinden \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclen dikey yap\u0131land\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda; video, ses ve veri kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan altyap\u0131 her hizmetin kendisine \u00f6zel ayr\u0131 \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden sa\u011flan\u0131rken, yeni nesil eri\u015fim \u015febekeleri, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu verilen hizmetleri internet \u00fczerinden verilebilecek hale getirmi\u015f, yatay yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 sa\u011flayarak tek bir IP tabanl\u0131 altyap\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu hizmetlerin verilebilmesine olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (BTK, 2009).<\/p>\n

1 T.C. Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2013, Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisinin Yenilenmesi Projesi Geni\u015fbant Altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve Sekt\u00f6rel Rekabet Ekseni Mevcut Durum Raporu.<\/p>\n

10<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri17x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 6: IP Tabanl\u0131 Hizmetlerde Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi Gereksinimi<\/p>\n

2.4 IPTV Kapsam\u0131nda Verilebilen Hizmetler<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019de i\u00e7erik hayati bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. IPTV\u2019nin ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel hizmetler geli\u015ftirme gibi bir<\/p>\n

\u00f6zelli\u011finin olmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda IPTV \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lacak yay\u0131nlarda ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel reklam imkan\u0131 da do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. IPTV \u00fczerinden verilebilecek hizmetler ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zetlenmektedir<\/p>\n

(BTK, 2008; Acar, 2010):<\/p>\n

\uf0b7\u00dccretli ve \u00fccretsiz t\u00fcm televizyon kanallar\u0131n\u0131n canl\u0131 yay\u0131n olarak izlenmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Depolanm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7eri\u011fin aboneye katalog \u015feklinde sunulmas\u0131 ve bu katalogdaki herhangi bir program veya filmin, kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan istenildi\u011fi zamanda bir aray\u00fcz \u00fczerinden se\u00e7ilerek izlenmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7M\u00fczik par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulan bir platform \u00fczerinden izlenmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Normal bir TV yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle naklen spor kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n) elektronik program rehberi (Electronic Program Guide-EPG) \u00fczerinden se\u00e7ilerek belli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in \u00fccreti kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda izlenmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Abonelerin istedikleri TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 daha sonra istedikleri zamanda izlemek \u00fczere EPG \u00fczerinden, a\u011fda yer alan sunucular \u00fczerinde kaydedebilmesi,<\/p>\n

11<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri18x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\uf0b7\u0130\u015fletmeci taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen TV kanallar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in kaydedilmesi ve abonelerin iste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu yay\u0131nlar\u0131n izlenmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7\u0130\u00e7erik kayd\u0131n\u0131n abone taraf\u0131ndan STB \u00fczerindeki sabit diskler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve daha sonra arzu edildi\u011fi zaman tekrar izlenebilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Abonelerin, izlemekte olduklar\u0131 TV veya PPV yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir anda \u201cdurdur\u201d tu\u015funa basarak yay\u0131n\u0131 durdurabilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Etkile\u015fimli olarak bir sunucu \u00fczerinden tek veya \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 oyun oynanabilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7STB \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan televizyon i\u00e7in \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir internet taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile TV<\/p>\n

\u00fczerinden internet eri\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Aboneye sunulan bir aray\u00fczle TV \u00fczerinden e-posta hizmetinin verilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Belirli elektronik e\u011fitim materyallerinin veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin etkile\u015fimli e\u011fitim ortamlar\u0131 olu\u015fturularak belirli kullan\u0131c\u0131 gruplar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Aboneye sunulan aray\u00fcze bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fc eklenerek \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Abonelerin kendi aralar\u0131nda sesli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve video konferans yapabilmesi.<\/p>\n

2.5IPTV Standartlar\u0131<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019ye ili\u015fkin olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan standartlara bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm kapsam\u0131nda yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

2.5.1ITU Standartlar\u0131<\/p>\n

ITU taraf\u0131ndan standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f IPTV yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 deneyimi 6-8 \u015eubat 2012 tarihlerinde Japonya\u2019da Sapporo Kar Festivalinde canl\u0131 yay\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ITU<\/p>\n

Merkezi\u2019nden Japonya\u2019ya yerel IPv6 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup; Japonya’daki yay\u0131n merkezinden yap\u0131lan yay\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ITU\u2019nun Cenevre’deki merkezinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IPTV hizmetleri i\u00e7in "Hafif \u0130nteraktif Multimedya Ortam" (Lightweight Interactive Multimedia<\/p>\n

Environment-LIME) olarak 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda onaylanan Recommendation ITU-T H.762, Sapporo<\/p>\n

IPTV canl\u0131 yay\u0131n uygulamas\u0131nda kendisini kan\u0131tlayarak standartla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r1. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanan di\u011ferITU-T IPTV standartlar\u0131 da altyap\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

\uf0b7H.770 IPTV hizmeti ke\u015fifi,<\/p>\n

1<\/a>http:\/\/www.itu.int\/ITU- T\/newslog\/ITU+IPTV+Standards+The+Basis+For+Transcontinental+IPTV+Experiment.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

12<\/p>\n

\uf0b7H.721 VoD ve lineer TV i\u00e7in IPTV terminali,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7H.701 IPTV hata d\u00fczeltme,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7H.750 IPTV meta verileri,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7H.264 video s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma codec,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Openflow,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7PCE\/VNTM,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7sa46t.<\/p>\n

2.5.2DVB Standartlar\u0131<\/p>\n

IPTV ile ilgili Avrupa\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan Say\u0131sal G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Yay\u0131n (Digital Video<\/p>\n

Broadcasting-DVB) standartlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmektedir:<\/p>\n

DVB-IPTV Standartlar\u0131<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TR 102 033 \u201cArchitectural Framework for the Delivery of DVB-Services overIP-based Networks\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TS 102 034 \u201cTransport of MPEG-2 Based DVB Services over IP Based<\/p>\n

Networks\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TR 102 542 \u201cGuidelines for DVB IP Phase 1 Handbook\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TS 102 813 \u201cTransport of DVB Services over IP-based Networks: IEEE1394 Home Network Segment\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TS 102 814 \u201cTransport of DVB Services over IP-based Networks: Ethernet Home Network Segment\u201d<\/p>\n

DVB Metadata ve PVR Standartlar\u0131<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TS 102 539 \u201cCarriage of Broadband Content Guide (BCG) information over Internet Protocol (IP)\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TS 102 323 \u201cCarriage and signalling of TV-Anytime information in DVB transport streams\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TS 102 823 \u201cCarriage of synchronised auxiliary data in DVB transport streams\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI EN 300 468 \u201cSpecification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems\u201d<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ETSI TR 101 211 \u201cGuidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI)\u201d<\/p>\n

13<\/p>\n

3. INTERNET TV \u2013 IPTV<\/p>\n

Geli\u015fen internet teknolojisi ve internet h\u0131z\u0131yla birlikte kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n internetten beklentileri de artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nternet h\u0131z\u0131ndaki bu de\u011fi\u015fim, son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle payla\u015f\u0131m sitelerinin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimin inan\u0131lmaz boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n beklentilerindeki art\u0131\u015f, internet \u00fczerinden hizmet \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin (\u00c7oklu hizmetler, IPTV, VoIP vb.) artmas\u0131na ve i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerini zenginle\u015ftirmesine de neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle baz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m \u015firketleri, video konferans ve uzaktan e\u011fitim gibi konularda birbiriyle entegre bir\u00e7ok uygulama geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc internet teknolojileri ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleriyle kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n beklentileri \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst seviyelerde seyretmektedir. \u0130zleyicilerin sadece yay\u0131n\u0131 izlemesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilgisayarlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan donan\u0131mlar ile do\u011frudan yay\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na, yay\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru ve yorum g\u00f6ndermelerine de olanak tan\u0131nan \u0130nternet TV sayesinde izleyiciler ve yay\u0131mc\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tek bir ekrandan kanala ait her \u015feyin y\u00f6netilmesiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternetin hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her alan\u0131na girmesiyle ve yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn kullan\u0131c\u0131 talepleri de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 internet eri\u015fiminin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalardan biri video payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Artan video payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte kullan\u0131lan bant geni\u015fli\u011fi her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmaktad\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda video, t\u00fcm internet trafi\u011finin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farken, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm video \u00e7e\u015fitlerine (TV, VoD, internet ve P2P) ait trafi\u011fin toplam\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel t\u00fcketici trafi\u011finin yakla\u015f\u0131k %86\u2019s\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir<\/p>\n

(CISCO, 2012).<\/p>\n

Videoya olan taleple birlikte ad\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a bahsedilen kavramlardan biri de internet TV\u2019dir. Televizyonun \u00f6tesinde bir hizmet olarak sunulan internet TV, herhangi bir zamanda, herhangi bir yerde ses ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn, internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden do\u011frudan kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n cihaz\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesidir. Burada video kalitesi kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu internet bant geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir (Uluo\u011flak\u00e7\u0131, 2012).<\/p>\n

Bilgisayarlar\u0131n televizyon olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin veren teknolojilerin geli\u015fimiyle birlikte televizyonlardan yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k hizmetleri, internet \u00fczerinde kurulan bir sunucu \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

14<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri21x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: DMI http:\/\/www.dmiinter.com\/iptv\/index.php\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekil 7: \u0130nternet TV<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet TV\u2019de internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen herhangi bir cihazdan (PC, SmartTV, smartPhone, Tablet vb.) TV hizmetlerine ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir. Yeni nesil olmayan cihazlardan TV hizmetlerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ise STB\u2019ler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada ama\u00e7; her zaman, her yerde, her cihaz (bilgisayar, televizyon, telefon) \u00fczerinden hizmetin verilebilmesidir. \u0130nternet TV, en k\u0131sa \u015fekliyle, internet ara y\u00fcz\u00fc kullan\u0131larak video i\u00e7erikli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nternet TV; televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bilgisayardan k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde izlenmesine olanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Televizyon ve internet teknolojisinin birle\u015fimi ve internetin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn vazge\u00e7ilmezleri aras\u0131nda yerini almas\u0131yla \u0130nternet TV, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir (Acar, 2010).<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 8: \u0130nternet TV Uygulamalar\u0131<\/p>\n

15<\/p>\n

Youtube, DailyMotion, Vimeo, \u0130zlesene gibi portallar video payla\u015f\u0131m siteleridir. Bu sitelere \u00fcye olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, sitenin kullan\u0131m ve payla\u015f\u0131m kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde videolar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckler ve payla\u015f\u0131rlar. Yay\u0131nlama, yay\u0131ndan kald\u0131rma ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme haklar\u0131 portal y\u00f6neticilerinin elindedir. \u0130nternet TV’de ise yay\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc yay\u0131n sahibinin elindedir. Kurallar\u0131 ve yay\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131n sahibi belirler. \u0130nternet TV’lerde video payla\u015fan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n de\u011fil, sadece yay\u0131n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7eri\u011fi yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IPTV, televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, geleneksel \u015fekilde kablo TV, uydu veya havadan seyirciye iletimi yerine, internet teknolojileri kullan\u0131larak geni\u015fbant altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen yay\u0131n sistemidir. Yay\u0131n, \u00f6zel olarak y\u00f6netilen bir \u015febeke \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r ve servis kalitesi garanti edilir. Halka a\u00e7\u0131k internet ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan yay\u0131nlar ise internet TV olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve IPTV ile olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

IPTV ile internet TV m\u00fc\u015fteriye garanti edilen h\u0131z kalitesi noktas\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. IPTV ile kapal\u0131 bir a\u011fda video servisleri i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fteri ihtiyac\u0131 olan bant geni\u015fli\u011fi garanti edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet TV\u2019de ise m\u00fc\u015fterinin mevcut internet bant geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re uyarlanabilir bir video kalitesi sunulmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, internet kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilecek gecikmeler ve kalite eksikli\u011finin m\u00fc\u015fteri taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildi\u011fi varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. IPTV ile sunulan hizmetlere a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo kapsam\u0131nda yer verilmektedir (\u00c7izelge 2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019nin \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin genel de\u011ferlendirmeler, internet TV ile aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya konulabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sunulmaktad\u0131r (BTK, 2008):<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya daha fazla i\u00e7erik ile daha y\u00fcksek hizmet kalitesi sunulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7\u00c7oklu hizmetler sunulabilmektedir. Yani internet, ses ve video hizmetleri ayn\u0131 anda verilebilir. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Oyun (Triple Play ) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu hizmet ile kullan\u0131c\u0131 TV, geni\u015fbant internet ve VoIP hizmetlerini bir arada kullanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Kullan\u0131c\u0131 kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r yani kullan\u0131c\u0131lar istedikleri zaman istedikleri i\u00e7eri\u011fi izleyebilmektedir (on Demand). Bu \u015fekilde m\u00fc\u015fterinin televizyon deneyiminin bireysel isteklere g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmesi sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f hizmet sunumu yap\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n televizyon izleme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmak suretiyle ki\u015finin profiline uygun i\u00e7eriklerin kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sunulmas\u0131 sa\u011flanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Katma de\u011ferli hizmetler sunulmaktad\u0131r (etkile\u015fimli oyunlar, etkile\u015fimli al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f, m\u00fczik yay\u0131n\u0131 vb.).<\/p>\n

16<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri23x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 2: IPTV Hizmetleri<\/p>\n

Kaynak: ITU (2007)<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu zaman Internet TV ile IPTV kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Oysa \u201cIPTV hizmeti\u201d kavram\u0131ndan; kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n her hangi bir internet sitesine ba\u011flan\u0131p TV izlemelerinden ziyade, g\u00fcvenli ve etkin bi\u00e7imde y\u00f6netilen, hizmet kalitesi garantisinin oldu\u011fu, kapal\u0131 bir \u015febeke \u00fczerinden sunulan, geli\u015fmi\u015f bir TV hizmeti anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7izelge 3\u2019te yer alan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma internet TV ile IPTV\u2019nin fark\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 3: IPTV ve Internet TV<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IPTV<\/td>\nInternet TV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kontroll\u00fc \u015febeke yap\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\nA\u00e7\u0131k internet \u015febekesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TV\u2019den izleme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>\nPC\u2019den izleme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hizmet kalitesi garantili<\/td>\nHerhangi bir garanti yok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yay\u0131n (broadcast)<\/td>\nAk\u0131\u015f (stream)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 video (video on demand stream)<\/td>\nDownload<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EPG (Electronic Program Guide)<\/td>\n\u0130nternet sitesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pay TV (\u00fccretli)<\/td>\nReklam deste\u011fi ile \u00fccretsiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynak: Bayrak, 2007.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

17<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri24x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Geni\u015fbant eri\u015fimin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, ekran ve grafik teknolojilerindeki geli\u015fmelerle birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde evde, ofiste, arabada kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok cihaz art\u0131k TV g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini iletme yetene\u011fine sahiptir. B\u00f6ylelikle kullan\u0131c\u0131lar \u201cistedikleri yerde<\/em>\u201d, \u201cistedikleri zaman<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cistedikleri cihazla<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7eri\u011fe eri\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Wi-Fi teknolojisi, 3N ve 4N h\u00fccresel a\u011flar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i cihazlardan i\u00e7eri\u011fin mobil olarak izlenmesi gittik\u00e7e artm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7oklu ekran t\u00fcketiminde mobil cihazlar devri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon teknolojisinin de bir etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnyada Online Davran\u0131\u015flar 2012<\/em>\u201d raporunda1, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n web, mobil ve sosyal medya davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 incelenerek, 2011-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya verileri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r2.<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 9: TV \u0130zlerken \u0130nternet Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Kullan\u0131lan Cihazlar<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 10\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 2011-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu ekran kullan\u0131m\u0131nda cep telefonu ve tabletin kullan\u0131m\u0131 artmakta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki de\u011fi\u015fim d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131na paralel olarak ilerlemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki aktif internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 2\/3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn televizyon izlerken ayn\u0131 zamanda diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, %43\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn cep telefonlar\u0131n\u0131, %30\u2019unun masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131, %11\u2019inin ise tabletlerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Zamanla masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yerini cep telefonu ve tablet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1CAMPAIGN, 2013, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnyada Online Davran\u0131\u015flar 2012<\/em>\u201d, Campaign T\u00fcrkiye Dergisi (\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i), http:\/\/smgconnected.com\/coklu-ekran-tuketiminde-mobil-cihazlar-devri<\/a>(05.03.2013)<\/p>\n

2GLOBAL WEB, 2012, Index Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n

18<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri25x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 10<\/a>\u2019de ise 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in internet \u00fczerinden TV izleme oranlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131 olarak verilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekilden de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki aktif internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n %43\u2019\u00fc internet \u00fczerinden \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak TV izlemektedir. Bu oran d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n (%25) \u00fczerindedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 10: \u0130nternet \u00dczerinden TV \u0130zleme<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet TV ile say\u0131sal ar\u015fivden se\u00e7ilen dosyalar bant yay\u0131n olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir. Bant yay\u0131n\u0131 esnas\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu yay\u0131n ileri geri sard\u0131rabilir, duraklatabilir ya da tamamen durdurabilir. \u00d6zellikle e\u011fitim, reklam, tan\u0131t\u0131m filmi vb. yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in aktif olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nternet TV i\u00e7in sadece internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yeterli olup, \u00fccretsiz i\u00e7erik ve her yerden eri\u015filebilirlik avantajlar\u0131yla klasik TV ve IPTV\u2019ye rakip olma potansiyeline sahip oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

19<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri26x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

4. D\u00dcNYADA IPTV UYGULAMARI<\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6nemde; serbestle\u015fen telefon hizmetleri piyasas\u0131nda artan rekabetin etkisiyle, sabit telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecilerinin gelirlerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Artan mobil telefon ve<\/p>\n

VoIP kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 da bu s\u00fcreci h\u0131zland\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel i\u015f modellerinden uzakla\u015fan i\u015fletmeciler abonelerini \u015febekelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in \u00e7oklu oyunun<\/p>\n

(multi-play) bir aya\u011f\u0131 olan video hizmetlerine daha fazla \u00f6nem vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (BTK, 2008). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, internet video ve online oyun gibi geni\u015fbant hizmetleri kullanan abone say\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak i\u015fletmeciler de iyi bir hizmet verebilmek i\u00e7in fiber kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, China Telecom 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar 100 milyon eve hizmet g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek ve 30 milyon FTTH abonesi yapmak amac\u0131yla geni\u015fbant fiber optik a\u011f\u0131 kurmaktad\u0131r. Geni\u015fbant fiber kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi sadece h\u0131z art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na de\u011fil, VoD ve IPTV gibi hizmetlere de olanak olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Asya Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in’de abone say\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Khin Sandi Lynn\u2019e g\u00f6re; \u00c7in ve Hindistan gibi \u00fclkelerdeki geni\u015fbant b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine imkan tan\u0131yacak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck geni\u015fbant penetrasyon oran\u0131 Asya-Pasifik geni\u015fbant pazar\u0131n\u0131n orta vadede b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r1.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada IPTV hizmetleri kapsam\u0131nda sabit telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmeleri mevcut DSL<\/p>\n

\u015febekelerini IPTV ve di\u011fer \u00e7oklu ortam hizmetlerini destekleyecek \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirmekte veya fiber kablolarla de\u011fi\u015ftirerek daha rekabet\u00e7i bir konuma gelmektedirler. \u00c7in, Fransa, ABD,<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Kore ve Japonya gibi pazarlar hari\u00e7 bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede IPTV ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkelerdeki uygulamalara ve d\u00fczenlemelere ili\u015fkin bilgilere yer vermeden \u00f6nce, IPTV\u2019nin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in gerekli unsur olan geni\u015fbant b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerine ve sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada IPTV ile ilgili say\u0131sal b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklere yer verilmesinin IPTV\u2019nin geli\u015fimi ile muhtemel potansiyelinin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

1 Cellular News http:\/\/www.cellular-news.com\/story\/50029.php?s=h<\/a><\/p>\n

20<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri27x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

4.1 D\u00fcnyada Geni\u015fbant B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri<\/p>\n

\u00d6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde yer verildi\u011fi \u00fczere, IPTV\u2019nin yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in IPTV\u2019yi destekleyecek \u015fekilde belirli hizmet kalitesini ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fini garanti eden geni\u015fbant altyap\u0131lar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ilk gereklilik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu kapsamda, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131 itibariyle ba\u011flant\u0131 teknolojilerine g\u00f6re OECD \u00fclkelerindeki sabit ve kablosuz geni\u015fbant internet abone say\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131na \u015eekil 11<\/a>\u2019de yer verilmektedir. OECD<\/p>\n

\u00fclkelerinde sabit geni\u015fbant internet eri\u015fimi sa\u011flayan teknolojilerin ba\u015f\u0131nda %54,8\u2019lik kullan\u0131m oran\u0131yla DSL ve %30,4\u2019l\u00fck kullan\u0131m oran\u0131yla kablo gelmektedir. Son y\u0131llarda internet eri\u015fim teknolojileri h\u0131zla bak\u0131r kablodan fiber optik kabloya do\u011fru y\u00f6nelim g\u00f6stermektedir (OECD, 2012).<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 11: OECD\u2019de Ba\u011flant\u0131 Teknolojilerine g\u00f6re Sabit Geni\u015fbant\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, %<\/p>\n

Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cDigital Agenda Scoreboard 2012 Raporu1<\/em>\u201dndaki verilere g\u00f6re AB \u00fclkelerinde sabit geni\u015fbant penetrasyon oran\u0131 Ocak 2012 itibariyle %27,7\u2019ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u015eekil 12)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1 Avrupa Komisyonu, 2012, Say\u0131sal G\u00fcndem, (\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i) https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-agenda\/sites\/digital-<\/a>agenda\/files\/KKAH12001ENN-PDFWEB_1.pdf,<\/a>(06.03.2013)<\/p>\n

21<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri28x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 12: AB\u2019de Sabit Geni\u015fbant Penetrasyon Oranlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 raporda, 10 Mbps ve \u00fcst\u00fc h\u0131zlar\u0131n toplam geni\u015fbant ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki oran\u0131n\u0131n %50\u2019ye, 30 Mbps h\u0131zlar\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n %7,2\u2019ye ve 100 Mbps h\u0131zlar\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n ise %1,3\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. 2011\u2019in ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, yeni kurulan xDSL hatlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemleri esas alan yeni hat say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durum, xDSL teknolojisinden Yeni Nesil \u015eebekelere (YN\u015e) do\u011fru ge\u00e7i\u015fin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

4.2 D\u00fcnyada IPTV B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada IPTV hizmetlerinin geli\u015fimine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan art\u0131\u015f e\u011filiminin devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde sabit geni\u015fbant aboneleri i\u00e7inde neredeyse hi\u00e7 IPTV abonesi bulunmazken, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplam sabit geni\u015fbant abonelerinin %12\u2019sinin IPTV abonesi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u015eekil 13)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

22<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri29x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: PointTopic<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 13: D\u00fcnyadaki IPTV Abonelerinin Sabit Geni\u015fbant Aboneleri i\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131, %<\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131 itibariyle d\u00fcnyada toplam IPTV abone say\u0131s\u0131 79,3 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu say\u0131, 2012\u2019nin ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fine g\u00f6re 13,7 milyonluk net art\u0131\u015fla %21\u2019lik bir b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi i\u015faret etmektedir. IPTV abone say\u0131s\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rken elektronik haberle\u015fme i\u015fletmecileri taraf\u0131ndan genellikle \u00e7oklu oyun paketlerinin i\u00e7inde sunulan IPTV hizmetleri dikkate al\u0131nmakta olup<\/p>\n

OTT (Over-the-top) sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar, karasal, uydu ve kablo TV aboneleri hesaplamaya d\u00e2hil edilmemektedir1.<\/p>\n

Cisco VNI raporunda, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm internet trafi\u011finin %86 s\u0131n\u0131n video trafi\u011fi olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcnden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa, geni\u015fbant\u0131n \u00fclke genelinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, i\u00e7erik art\u0131\u015f\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki video payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, TV i\u00e7eriklerinin internette daha \u00e7ok izlenmesi gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 internet \u00fczerinden TV hizmeti alan kullan\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 beklenmektedir (CISCO, 2013). 2012 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan IPTV K\u00fcresel<\/p>\n

Tahmin raporunda2, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda 53 milyon olan IPTV abone say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n %18,7\u2019lik y\u0131ll\u0131k bile\u015fik b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131yla (CAGR) 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 105,1 milyona \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir<\/p>\n

(CISCO, 2013).<\/p>\n

1http:\/\/point-topic.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

2Multimedia Research Group (MRG, Inc), 2012, \u201cIPTV Global Forecast: 2011 to 2015 Report<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

23<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri30x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki toplam IPTV abonelerinin b\u00f6lgesel bazda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Japonya ve<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Kore gibi geni\u015fbantta ileri d\u00fczeydeki \u00fclkelerin bulundu\u011fu Do\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n %42,8\u2019lik oran ile lider konumda oldu\u011fu, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n da %32,9\u2019luk bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u015eekil 14)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: PointTopic<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 14: D\u00fcnyada IPTV Abonelerinin B\u00f6lgesel Bazda Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, %<\/p>\n

Geni\u015fbant yayg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen geli\u015fmelere paralel \u015fekilde, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda telekom \u015firketlerinin geni\u015fbant abonelerinin IPTV penetrasyonunun d\u00fcnyadaki 812 milyon \u00f6demeli<\/p>\n

TV1 abonelerinin y\u00fczde 8\u2019ine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bununla birlikte, tamamen farkl\u0131 IPTV b\u00fcy\u00fcme beklentilerine g\u00f6re IPTV ve \u00f6demeli TV penetrasyon oranlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir (\u015eekil 15)<\/a>.2<\/p>\n

1IPTV i\u015fletmecileri verdikleri hizmeti \u00f6demeli TV hizmetinden farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. IPTV hizmetinin en yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerden biri olan Fransa\u2019da i\u015fletmeciler; kendilerini farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in yeni katma de\u011ferli hizmetler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu hizmetler aras\u0131nda; kullan\u0131c\u0131lara geleneksel TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 sunmak, ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kay\u0131t cihazlar\u0131, karasal say\u0131sal TV setleri, WiFi\/GSM \u00e7ift modlu el cihazlar\u0131 tahsis etmek bulunmaktad\u0131r (BTK, 2008).<\/p>\n

2http:\/\/www.telegeography.com\/press\/marketing-emails\/2012\/06\/20\/iptv-broadband-penetration-reaches-15-<\/a>percent-growth-prospects-are-patchy\/index.html<\/a>(06.06.2013)<\/p>\n

24<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri31x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: TeleGeography.<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 15: D\u00fcnyada Geni\u015fbant Abonelerinin IPTV Penetrasyonu, 2012 Q1<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada geni\u015fbant abonelerin IPTV ve \u00f6demeli TV hizmetlerine ili\u015fkin penetrasyon oranlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik de\u011ferlendirmelere b\u00f6lgeler baz\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer verilmektedir: 1<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Verizon ve AT&T liderli\u011findeki Kuzey Amerika telekom \u015firketleri, geni\u015fbant abonelerinin y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131na IPTV hizmeti pazarlamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, \u00f6demeli TV servisinin bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7iminin y\u00fczde 80 aboneli\u011fi ile Kuzey Amerika pazar\u0131 doygunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f ve abone b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Bat\u0131 Avrupa’n\u0131n \u00f6demeli TV pazar\u0131 da Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan y\u00fczde 20 penetrasyon oran\u0131na ra\u011fmen doygunlu\u011fa yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Burada pazar yava\u015flamalar\u0131na, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede \u015fifresiz yay\u0131nlar\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Geli\u015fmi\u015f pazarlar\u0131n aksine, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesi sadece y\u00fczde 46\u2019l\u0131k bir \u00f6demeli TV penetrasyon oran\u0131na sahip olup, telekom \u015firketleri bug\u00fcne kadar kendi geni\u015fbant abonelerinin sadece y\u00fczde 12’sine IPTV hizmeti pazarlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum, b\u00f6lgede 987 milyon ev i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck IPTV f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 sunarken, pazar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bol miktarda alan b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. IPTV abonelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 sadece 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 36 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 i\u015fletmecilerin abonelerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. IPTV\u2019de yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00e7o\u011funun Asya-Pasifikb\u00f6lgesinden geldi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

1 http:\/\/www.telegeography.com\/press\/marketing-emails\/2012\/06\/20\/iptv-broadband-penetration-reaches-15-<\/a>percent-growth-prospects-are-patchy\/index.html<\/a>(06.06.2013).<\/p>\n

25<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri32x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Latin Amerika’da1 IPTV f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 pazar yap\u0131s\u0131 ve destekleyici bir d\u00fczenleyici rejim eksikli\u011fi ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, \u015fifresiz hizmetler ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli korsan uygulamalar\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu’da b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller olarak nitelendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019de kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uzun y\u0131llar ilk s\u0131rada olan Fransa liderli\u011fini \u00c7in\u2019e kapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. IPTV abonelerinin \u00fclkeler baz\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; \u00c7in\u2019in, 21 milyondan fazla IPTV abonesi ile lider konumda oldu\u011fu, onu Fransa ve ABD\u2019nin izledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. (\u015eekil 16)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: PointTopic<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 16: En Fazla IPTV Abone Say\u0131s\u0131na Sahip ilk 10 \u00dclke, Milyon<\/p>\n

IPTV abonelerinin toplam sabit geni\u015fbant abonesi i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Fransa\u2019n\u0131n %60\u2019a yak\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla birinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, onu Slovenya ve Portekiz\u2019in takip etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u015eekil 17)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1 Paraguay telekom operat\u00f6r\u00fc Copaco Asuncion’da \u00e7ok gecikmi\u015f olan IPTV hizmetini, say\u0131s\u0131z teknik sorunlardan sonra ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerel bas\u0131ndaki haberlere g\u00f6re, 15 Aral\u0131k 2011 tarihinde 25 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 de\u011ferinde bir \u00fcr\u00fcn tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi beklenirken, premium ABD TV yay\u0131n kurulu\u015fu HBO sorumlu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, korsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kabul edilen Copaco\u2019nun IPTV sisteminin tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 2 Mart 2012 tarihinde de yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

26<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri33x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: PointTopic<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 17: Baz\u0131 \u00dclkelerdeki IPTV Abonelerinin Sabit Geni\u015fbant i\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131, %<\/p>\n

4.3 D\u00fcnyada IPTV Uygulamalar\u0131 ve D\u00fczenlemeleri<\/p>\n

IPTV hizmetlerinin geli\u015fiminde, yerel a\u011fa ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eri\u015fim kapsam\u0131nda tam payla\u015f\u0131m ve k\u0131smi payla\u015f\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 ile piyasaya yeni giren ya da girecek olan i\u015fletmecilerin geni\u015fbant \u015febekelerine eri\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evenin etkisi olmu\u015ftur. IPTV\u2019nin geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclkelerden Japonya\u2019da 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecilerinin de yay\u0131n yapabilmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Japonya\u2019da telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecilerinin IP \u00e7oklu yay\u0131n yapabilmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sadece tescil edilmeleri yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Avrupa\u2019da Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya gibi AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler IPTV hizmetlerinden yararlan\u0131r hale gelmi\u015flerdir. Yak\u0131nsama olgusu ile \u015febeke ve hizmet sunumu aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n kopmas\u0131 IPTV\u2019nin geli\u015fimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin IPTV\u2019de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sebebi fiber ve geni\u015fbant internet eri\u015fim altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r (OECD, 2007).<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019nin pazarda geli\u015fiminin desteklenmesi ve alternatif i\u015fletmecilerin de yerle\u015fik i\u015fletmeci ile etkin bir \u015fekilde rekabet edebilmeleri i\u00e7in \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenleyici tedbirler al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. IPTV\u2019nin sunumu i\u00e7in Fransa gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecilerine toptan seviyede herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck getirmemeyi tercih ederken, Bel\u00e7ika ve \u0130spanya gibi baz\u0131 AB \u00fclkelerinde ise yerle\u015fik i\u015fletmeciye toptan seviyede sunaca\u011f\u0131 veri ak\u0131\u015f eri\u015fimi kapsam\u0131nda multicast y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yerel a\u011f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nde olan \u00fclkelerde ise multicast y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ziyade<\/p>\n

27<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri34x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hatlarla hizmet sunumunun tercih edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, IPTV konusunda \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir d\u00fczenleyici yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; her \u00fclkenin kendi sekt\u00f6r \u015fartlar\u0131na (talep durumuna), y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015fbant internet ba\u011flant\u0131 yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (fiber \u015febeke yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hat say\u0131s\u0131 vb), kablo TV ve uydu gibi alternatif \u015febekelerin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fccretsiz TV kanallar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da talebi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla IPTV geli\u015fimini etkiledi\u011fi, bu kapsamda buna en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fin Fransa oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir<\/p>\n

(Fredebeul-Krein ve Steingr\u00f6ver, 2013).<\/p>\n

4.3.1Fransa<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019da Avrupa Komisyonu direktifleri ile uyumlu 9 Temmuz 2004 tarihli Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k Yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re herhangi bir TV kanal\u0131, hangi altyap\u0131dan (kablo, uydu, internet, xDSL, mobil vb. \u015febekeler) iletilirse iletilsin; Fransa Yay\u0131n Kurulu (Conseil Sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019Audiovisuel-<\/p>\n

CSA) ile bir anla\u015fma yapmak ya da CSA\u2019ya bildirimde bulunmak durumundad\u0131r. Y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7eleri 150.000 Avro\u2019dan az olan TV kanallar\u0131 ise bu anla\u015fma veya bildirimden muaft\u0131r. Kablo TV ve DSL teknolojilerini kullanarak yay\u0131n yapan i\u015fletmeciler CSA\u2019ya sadece bildirimde bulunmaktad\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131ca \u015febeke i\u015fletmecileri Frans\u0131z Telekom\u00fcnikasyon D\u00fczenleyici Kurumu ARCEP\u2019e de bildirimde bulunmak zorundad\u0131rlar (OECD, 2007).<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi Fransa\u2019da uydu yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, ancak ba\u015fta<\/p>\n

Paris olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin tarihi dokusunu bozmamak i\u00e7in belediyeler \u00e7at\u0131lara \u00e7anak anten kurulmas\u0131na izin vermemektedir. Bu \u015fehirlerde kablo TV ve IPTV kaliteli say\u0131sal yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in birer alternatif olmaktad\u0131r. Fransa internet d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ge\u00e7 giren \u00fclkelerden biri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen IPTV konusunda d\u00fcnyada en yayg\u0131n abone kitlesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ikinci \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 milyona IPTV abonesi olan Fransa\u2019da en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 IPTV i\u015fletmecilerinden birisi olan Free \u015firketi France Telecom\u2019un payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan hatlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r.1 Bu<\/p>\n

\u015firket rekabetin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in kendi FTTH \u015febekelerini kurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Free<\/p>\n

\u015firketinin durumu altyap\u0131ya dayal\u0131 rekabeti i\u00e7eren hizmete dayal\u0131 rekabete bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bununla birlikte yerel a\u011f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da do\u011frudan bir ili\u015fki bulunmaktad\u0131r. France Telecom\u2019un \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde IPTV yay\u0131n\u0131na daha fazla<\/p>\n

1 http:\/\/point-topic.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

28<\/p>\n

\u00f6nem verilmi\u015f ve yay\u0131ng\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu alanda \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda Orange<\/p>\n

(France Telecom), Neuf ve Free gibi i\u015fletmeciler hizmet vermektedirler (Fredebeul-Krein ve<\/p>\n

Steingr\u00f6ver, 2013).<\/p>\n

4.3.2\u0130ngiltere<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u015febeke d\u00fczenlemelerine bakacak olursak; 2003 haberle\u015fme yasas\u0131, TV i\u00e7erik d\u00fczenlemesi ve yetkilendirmesi ile i\u00e7erik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan altyap\u0131y\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Elektronik haberle\u015fme hizmetleri, hibrid fiber koaksiyel kablo, fiber optik kablo, uydu sistemleri, bak\u0131r kablo ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil (3N) telsiz telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u015febekeleri gibi herhangi bir \u015febekeden sinyal ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olan hizmetlerdir. AB\u2019nin yeni haberle\u015fme rejiminin 25 Temmuz 2003\u2019ten bu yana \u0130ngiltere\u2019de uygulanmas\u0131 ile kablo TV gibi bireysel yetkilendirmeler genel yetkilendirme rejiminin yerini almaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte \u0130ngiltere\u2019de i\u00e7erik d\u00fczenlemelerinde elektronik haberle\u015fme hizmetleri tan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erik hizmetlerini bu kapsam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmaktad\u0131r. TV i\u00e7eri\u011fi konusunda uygun lisans olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yetkilendirilebilir bir TV hizmeti sa\u011flamak yasalara ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bir TV hizmetinin yetkilendirilebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verme s\u00fcrecinde, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m teknolojisi belirleyici etken de\u011fildir. Bir hizmetin yetkilendirme gerektirip gerektirmedi\u011fine karar verme noktas\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck bir TV kanal\u0131 gibi hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131ya aittir. Yetkilendirilmi\u015f bir TV hizmeti i\u00e7erik, reklamlar ve programlarla ilgili t\u00fcm kurallara uymak zorundad\u0131r (OECD, 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere d\u00fczenleyici kurumu Ofcom, TV kanallar\u0131 gibi bireysel TV hizmetlerini yetkilendirmektedir. Her bir servis ayr\u0131 olarak yetkilendirilmektedir. TV kanallar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde toplayan ve da\u011f\u0131tan bir kablo TV operat\u00f6r\u00fc, kendi TV kanallar\u0131ndan yay\u0131n yapmad\u0131k\u00e7a yetkilendirme rejimine tabi olmaz. Bu gibi i\u015fletmecilerin pazara girmesi TV hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile sistem i\u015fletmecisi aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6zel anla\u015fmaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de TV hizmetleri, bu hizmetlerin karasal say\u0131sal \u00e7oklay\u0131c\u0131lardan ya da elektronik haberle\u015fme \u015febekeleri \u00fczerinden sunulan elektronik haberle\u015fme hizmetleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elde edilebilir olup olmamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde yetkilendirilmektedir. Karasal say\u0131sal \u015febekelerden ta\u015f\u0131nan hizmetler say\u0131sal TV program\u0131 ya da ek hizmetler olarak yetkilendirilmektedir. Elektronik haberle\u015fme \u015febekeleri \u00fczerinden sunulan hizmetler ise yetkilendirilebilir TV i\u00e7erik hizmetleri olarak yetkilendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

29<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de talebe ba\u011fl\u0131 hizmetler yetkilendirilebilir de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar t\u00fcm kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ayr\u0131ca internet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan yay\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi ile TV kanallar\u0131 birbirlerinden ayr\u0131lmakta ve internet hizmetleri Ofcom\u2019un d\u00fczenleme alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmaktad\u0131r. Buna bir \u00f6rnek verecek olursak, \u0130ngiltere pazar\u0131nda 55 TV kanal\u0131 ve talebe ba\u011fl\u0131 yay\u0131n hizmetleri sa\u011flayan DSL temelli alternatif servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Home Choice \u015firketi, TV hizmetleri i\u00e7in yetkilendirilirken talebe ba\u011fl\u0131 yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in yetkilendirilmemi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015fletmeci bir sistem operat\u00f6r\u00fc olarak ve kendine has TV kanal\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n TV kanallar\u0131n\u0131 sadece toplay\u0131p da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yetkilendirilmekte, TV i\u00e7erik hizmetleri yetkilendirme rejimine tabi olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4.3.3Avustralya<\/p>\n

Avustralya rekabet otoritesi ACCC, Telstra\u2019n\u0131n yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7mas\u0131 \u00fczerine alternatif i\u015fletmeciler Telstra\u2019n\u0131n santrallerine kendi DSL ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kurarak ADSL ve ADSL2+ hizmetleri sa\u011flayabilmektedirler. Bu ba\u011flamda Avustralya\u2019da IPTV yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evede yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k hizmetleri tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutularak internet \u00fczerinden radyo ve TV yay\u0131n hizmetleri sunulmas\u0131 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k frekanslar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n IPTV platformundan yay\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu, IPTV hizmetlerini yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itmi\u015ftir ve yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k yetkilendirmesi (lisans\u0131) gerektirmemektedir (OECD, 2007).<\/p>\n

4.3.4Kanada<\/p>\n

Kanada\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fczenleme otoritesi CRTC, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda internet \u00fczerinden yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k hizmetleri eri\u015fim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutma karar\u0131 alarak, bu hizmetlerin yetkilendirme kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise mobil TV hizmetleri karar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nan karar\u0131n IPTV hizmetlerini kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusuna a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirilmi\u015ftir (OECD, 2007).<\/p>\n

30<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 4: Baz\u0131 AB \u00dclkelerindeki Ticari Uygulamalar ve D\u00fczenleyici Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00dclke<\/td>\nIPTV Ticari Uygulamalar\u0131<\/td>\nIPTV D\u00fczenlemeleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Avusturya<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nAon Digital TV, yerle\u015fik telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecisi olan<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nIPTV yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k olarak ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yay\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u015febeke ile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Telekom Austria taraf\u0131ndan sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\nkullan\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda etkile\u015fim gerektirmektedir. Sadece cihaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p do\u011frudan yay\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o DSL hatt\u0131n\u0131 Telekom Austria sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\ni\u00e7eriklerinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknolojiler yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k teknolojileri kabul edilmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Temel \u00fccret i\u00e7inde 43 TV program\u0131, fazladan pakette 8<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nIPTV, telekom\u00fcnikasyon d\u00fczenlemelerini gerektirecek bir elektronik haberle\u015fme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ek TV program\u0131, 4 Radyo program\u0131 (kamu hizmeti<\/td>\nhizmeti olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. \u0130nternet sitesi gibi bir elektronik ileti\u015fim hizmeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n programlar\u0131)<\/td>\narac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunulan bir i\u00e7erik hizmetidir. Bu y\u00fczden genel medya d\u00fczenlemelerine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Ticari olarak Viyana\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesiminde<\/td>\ndahil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kullan\u0131labilir \u015fekilde 2006 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart ay\u0131nda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bel\u00e7ika<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nBelgacom TV<\/td>\n\uf0b7 IPTV i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir husus olmay\u0131p yay\u0131n olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Kendi xDSL altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Danimarka<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nTDC TV (Telecom Denmark) bir IPTV sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n\uf0b7 IPTV ile spesifik olarak adreslendirilecek bir yap\u0131 yoktur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7 Dansk Bredbaand kendi fiber optik \u015febekesi \u00fczerinden IPTV<\/td>\n\uf0b7 Birincil d\u00fczenleme olan, radyo ve televizyon kanunu (15 Aral\u0131k 2005 tarihli ve 1404<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hizmeti sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\nsay\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) internetten bahsetmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Kamu hizmeti programlar\u0131n\u0131n tesliminin i\u00e7eri\u011finde ses ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc programlar\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi (10. madde)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o \u0130nternet \u00fczerinden kamu hizmeti faaliyetinden reklam gelirleri elde edilemez. (15.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maddesi)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7 IPTV i\u00e7in \u00e7er\u00e7eve bir d\u00fczenleme halen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fransa<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nFrance Telecom, Orange TV<\/td>\n\uf0b7 IPTV bir \u00e7e\u015fit yay\u0131n olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o France Telkom\u2019un kendi altyap\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nYay\u0131nc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olan IPTV hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, Audiovisual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\nCouncil\u2019ce tahsis edilmi\u015f frekanslar\u0131 kullanmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden g\u00f6rsel-i\u015fitsel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7<\/td>\nNeuf Telecom<\/td>\nyay\u0131n sa\u011flayan TV hizmeti sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 gibi ele al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Yay\u0131n d\u00fczenlemelerine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o YAPA tam eri\u015fim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hizmet sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\ntabidirler ve Audiovisual Council\u2019e bildirimde bulunmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n\uf0b7 Yay\u0131n d\u00fczenlemeleri ile kontrol edilirler ve Audiovisual Council\u2019e bir bildirimde<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7<\/td>\nFree<\/td>\nbulunurlar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o YAPA tam eri\u015fim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hizmet sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7<\/td>\nAlice (Telecom Italia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o YAPA tam eri\u015fim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hizmet sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Almanya<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nDT, T- Online Vision;<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nIPTV bir yay\u0131n olarak ele al\u0131nmakta ve yay\u0131n d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesine dahil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o DT\u2019nin kendi DSL altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden T-DSL hizmetine<\/td>\nedilmektedir. Bu kapsamda yay\u0131n; \u201ctelsiz veya telli bi\u00e7imde elektromanyetik dalgalar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
abonelik ve set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim<\/td>\nkullanarak ses ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn, kamu taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in planlanm\u0131\u015f her \u00e7e\u015fit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

31<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00dclke<\/td>\nIPTV Ticari Uygulamalar\u0131<\/td>\nIPTV D\u00fczenlemeleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\nicran\u0131n sunumu ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Bir VoD hizmetidir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda haber sunulur, ama<\/td>\n\uf0b7 \u0130\u00e7erik i\u00e7in bir yay\u0131n lisans\u0131 gereklidir. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden sadece da\u011f\u0131tan i\u015fletmeciler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tipik TV programlar\u0131 iletilmez. DT, Alman Futbol<\/td>\ni\u00e7in bir lisans gerekmemektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Liginin internetten yay\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7 Hansenet, Alice Home TV;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o<\/td>\nHansenet\u2019in kendi DSL altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ve set \u00fcst\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o<\/td>\nHansenet bir Telecom Italia, yan kurulu\u015fudur. Baz\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Alman hane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
halk\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %25\u2019ini kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hollanda<\/td>\n\uf0b7<\/td>\nKPN, Mine TV<\/td>\n\uf0b7 IPTV i\u00e7in spesifik bir d\u00fczenleme yoktur. Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyeti olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o<\/td>\nKendi altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7<\/td>\nTele2TV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o YAPA tam eri\u015fim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hizmet sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fim sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ngiltere<\/td>\n\uf0b7 Homechoice (Video Networks Ltd.\u2019ye ait) IPTV hizmetini<\/td>\n\uf0b7 \u0130ngiltere yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczenlemeleri IPTV\u2019yi spesifik olarak adreslememi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2004\u2019ten beri sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o BT\u2019den tam YAPA kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar yay\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine TV set \u00fcst\u00fc cihaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015fmektedir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o<\/td>\nSadece Londra\u2019da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o<\/td>\n80 yay\u0131n kanal\u0131 ve 1000\u2019in \u00fczerinde filmi i\u00e7eren VoD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hizmeti, temel ve geni\u015fletilmi\u015f paketler sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o Telefon ve geni\u015fbant internet hizmeti ile paketlenmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uf0b7 BT IPTV hizmetini 2007\u2019den beri sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynak: Cullen International.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

32<\/p>\n

5. T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE IPTV H\u0130ZMETLER\u0130<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanan IPTV konusundaki geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u00f6zellikle 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart ay\u0131ndan itibaren bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131ll\u0131k bir deneme yay\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra IPTV Platform \u0130\u015fletmecili\u011fi lisans\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk defa IPTV hizmeti 24 Eyl\u00fcl 2010 tarihinde TTNeT taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TTNet taraf\u0131ndan kurulan IPTV altyap\u0131s\u0131; TV Yay\u0131n\u0131, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u00e7erik yay\u0131n\u0131, ki\u015fisel i\u00e7erik kayd\u0131, canl\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131 durdurma, gecikmeli yay\u0131n izleme, izle ve \u00f6de gibi hizmetlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, internet, oyun, sohbet, an\u0131nda mesajla\u015fma, SMS, e-posta, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i anket gibi interaktif servisler, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc ileti\u015fim (video konferans, video phone), i\u00e7erik bar\u0131nd\u0131rma, reklam ekleme, ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f reklam ve ebeveyn kontrol\u00fc hizmetlerini vermeye uygun \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. TTNet\u2019in IPTV hizmeti 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibar\u0131 ile 175.681 aboneye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00c7izelge 5)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 5: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de IPTV Abone Say\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u00f6nem<\/td>\nIPTV Abone Say\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012-1<\/td>\n51.485<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012-2<\/td>\n96.260<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012-3<\/td>\n119.158<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012-4<\/td>\n155.895<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013-1<\/td>\n175.681<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kaynak: BTK, 2013<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019nin izlenebilmesi y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 internet altyap\u0131s\u0131 gerekmekle birlikte internet kotas\u0131ndan herhangi bir eksilme olmamaktad\u0131r. Cihaz\u0131n tam g\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda bile internet kotas\u0131 etkilenmemektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kendi fiber altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurma yolunda ilerleyen i\u015fletmecilerden biri olan<\/p>\n

Superonline, IPTV konusunda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu proje kapsam\u0131nda, h\u0131zl\u0131 internet eri\u015fimi ile evdeki TV\u2019den internete girmek, TV kanallar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve TV\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak en yeni \u00e7\u0131kan filmleri takip etmek gibi hizmetlerin sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra IPTV\u2019den ses ileti\u015fimi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da planlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

33<\/p>\n

Digiturk 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda abonelerine internet \u00fczerinden cepte, tablette, bilgisayarda TV seyredebilecekleri Digiturk Play servisini duyurmu\u015ftur. Cep telefonundan TV hizmeti sunan Turkcell ise, TurkcellMobilTVPlus hizmeti ile MobilTV servisini hem daha farkl\u0131 ekranlara a\u00e7arak hem de hizmet i\u00e7eri\u011fini geni\u015fleterek oyuna dahil olmu\u015ftur (Bulamac\u0131, 2012).<\/p>\n

5.1 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de IPTV\u2019ye ili\u015fkin D\u00fczenleyici \u00c7er\u00e7eve<\/p>\n

BTK taraf\u0131ndan elektronik haberle\u015fme hizmetlerini sunmak \u00fczere yetkilendirilen i\u015fletmeciler; elektronik haberle\u015fme hizmetlerine ili\u015fkin olarak BTK d\u00fczenlemelerine tabidirler. Ancak, bu i\u015fletmecilerden yay\u0131n hizmetlerinin iletimi i\u00e7in faaliyette bulunmak isteyenler, 6112 say\u0131l\u0131 Radyo ve Televizyonlar\u0131n Kurulu\u015f ve Yay\u0131n Hizmetleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca RT\u00dcK\u2019ten gerekli yay\u0131n iletim yetkisini almak ve RT\u00dcK d\u00fczenlemelerine uymak suretiyle faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctebilecektirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, hem \u201cyay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d hem de \u201ctelekom\u00fcnikasyon\u201d alan\u0131na girmesinden dolay\u0131 IPTV konusunda hem Radyo ve Televizyon \u00dcst Kurulu\u2019nun (RT\u00dcK) hem de Bilgi Teknolojileri ve \u0130leti\u015fim Kurumu\u2019nun (BTK) g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131 itibariyle yetkili olduklar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda, IPTV hizmetinin \u00fclkemizde sunulabilmesi i\u00e7in ilk olarak ilgili \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan BTK\u2019ya ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmas\u0131 ve BTK taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Nitekim konuya ili\u015fkin olarak al\u0131nan 26\/08\/2009 tarihli ve 2009\/DH-08\/434 say\u0131l\u0131 Kurul Karar\u0131nda \u201cIPTV hizmetinin bildirim ile yetkilendirilen Kablolu Yay\u0131n Hizmeti \u0130\u015fletmecileri taraf\u0131ndan sunulabilen bir elektronik haberle\u015fme hizmeti oldu\u011fu<\/em>,\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u201c\u0130nternet ortam\u0131nda eri\u015filmek \u00fczere web sunucular\u0131 \u00fczerinde ilgili verilerin bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\/depolanmas\u0131 hizmeti olan Web TV hizmetinin Kurumumuz yetkilendirmesine tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi,\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde 14\/07\/2010 tarihli ve 2010\/DK-08\/419 say\u0131l\u0131 bir<\/p>\n

Kurul Karar\u0131 al\u0131narak internet TV hizmetlerinin d\u00fczenleme kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu Kurul Kararlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde IPTV, telekom\u00fcnikasyon hizmeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cElektronik Haberle\u015fme Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne \u0130li\u015fkin Yetkilendirme Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201d kapsam\u0131nda \u201cElektronik Haberle\u015fme Hizmet, \u015eebeke ve Altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131m, Kapsam ve S\u00fcreleri\u201d dok\u00fcman\u0131na g\u00f6re bildirim kapsam\u0131nda sunulan kaynak tahsisi i\u00e7ermeyen hizmet olarak sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

34<\/p>\n

RT\u00dcK de IPTV konusundaki mevzuat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu<\/p>\n

kapsamda;<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Yay\u0131nc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, IPTV yay\u0131n lisans ve izni almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yerine getirmeleri gereken y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle, IPTV yay\u0131n lisans ve izni verilme esas ve usullerini ve IPTV platform i\u015fletmecilerinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini i\u00e7eren \u201cRadyo ve Televizyon \u00dcst Kurulu IPTV Yay\u0131n Lisans ve \u0130zin Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201d 17 Temmuz 2010 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de,<\/p>\n

\uf0b7IPTV d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6zel medya hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lara kablo ortam\u0131ndan yay\u0131n lisans\u0131, platform i\u015fletmecileri ile alt yap\u0131 i\u015fletmecilerine yay\u0131n iletim yetkisi verilmesi<\/p>\n

esas ve usullerini ve bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini i\u00e7eren \u201cRadyo ve Televizyon<\/p>\n

\u00dcst Kurulu Kablolu Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201d ise 15 Haziran 2011 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

IPTV gibi yay\u0131n hizmetlerinin iletimine ili\u015fkin olarak, BTK ve RT\u00dcK\u2019\u00fc ilgilendiren teknik ve idar\u00ee konularda her iki Kurumun da i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. BTK ve RT\u00dcK\u2019\u00fcn say\u0131sal yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131ktaki g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131na \u00c7izelge 6<\/a>\u2019te yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 6: Say\u0131sal Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta BTK ve RT\u00dcK\u2019\u00fcn Rol Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
BTK<\/td>\nRT\u00dcK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Milli Frekans Planlamas\u0131 (RT\u00dcK\u2019e frekans band\u0131 tahsisi)<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frekans Planlamas\u0131<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frekans Tahsisi<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Koordinasyon ve Frekans Tescili<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ortak Anten Sistem ve Tesislerini D\u00fczenleme (Radyo-TV)<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ortak Anten Sistem ve Tesislerini D\u00fczenleme (Telsiz-Baz \u0130stasyonu)<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Radyo\/TV \u0130\u00e7erik Yetkilendirmesi<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Verici Tesisi Kurma ve \u0130\u015fletme Yetkisi<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130\u00e7erik \u00c7oklanmas\u0131, \u0130letilmesi ve Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m Hizmeti Yetkilendirmesi<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130\u00e7erik \u00c7oklanmas\u0131, \u0130letilmesi ve Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eebekesi Yetkilendirmesi<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynak: BTK, 2011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

5.2 T\u00fcrkiye Geni\u015fbant Pazar\u0131<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k aktivitelerinin geni\u015flemesi ile birlikte kullan\u0131c\u0131lara y\u00fcksek h\u0131z imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sunabilen geni\u015fbant teknolojilerine gereksinim duyulur olmu\u015ftur. Haberle\u015fme \u015febekelerini kullanan yeni iletim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m bi\u00e7imlerinden biri olan IPTV\u2019nin \u00fclkemizde de kendi pazar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturup yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmesi \u00f6ncelikle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir geni\u015fbant altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

35<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri42x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Geni\u015fbant internet abone say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkemizde, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 birinci \u00e7eyrek d\u00f6nem sonu itibar\u0131yla geni\u015fbant abone say\u0131s\u0131 20,36 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IPTV hizmetinin verilebilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geni\u015fbant internet abone say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f da \u00f6nem te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u00f6ncelikle \u00fclkemizdeki geni\u015fbant internet verilerini incelemek faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde xDSL internet abone say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llardaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f trendi sona ermi\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle fiber internete ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ek olarak pazarda G.SHDSL ve VDSL teknolojileri \u00fczerinden internet hizmetleri de sunulmaktad\u0131r. Geni\u015fbant internet eri\u015fimi hizmetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda rekabetin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler devam etmi\u015f, daha \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen d\u00fczenlemelerin olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu pazarda T\u00fcrk Telekom, BTK taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan referans teklifler kapsam\u0131nda \u0130SS\u2019lere toptan seviyede hizmet sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u0130nternet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar yeniden sat\u0131\u015f, veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 eri\u015fimi ve yerel a\u011f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi y\u00f6ntemler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile geni\u015fbant hizmetleri sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: BTK<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 18: T\u00fcrkiye Geni\u015fbant \u0130nternet Abone Say\u0131s\u0131, Milyon<\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131 birinci \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibar\u0131yla geni\u015fbant pazar\u0131nda; mobil, fiber ve kablo internet abone say\u0131lar\u0131nda 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan art\u0131\u015f\u0131n devam etmesi ve 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finden itibaren d\u00fc\u015fen xDSL abone say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tekrar artmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, dikkat \u00e7eken \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerdendir. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 birinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde toplam art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131ndaki ivmenin d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle bir \u00f6nceki \u00e7eyre\u011fe g\u00f6re geni\u015fbant abonesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %2 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Fiber abone say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde %15 seviyelerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki toplam geni\u015fbant<\/p>\n

36<\/p>\n

internet abone say\u0131lar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer verilmektedir (\u015eekil 18)<\/a>. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6 milyon olan geni\u015fbant internet abone say\u0131s\u0131 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 birinci \u00e7eyrek sonu itibar\u0131yla 20,36 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131 birinci \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u00e7evirmeli internet d\u00e2hil toplam internet abone say\u0131s\u0131 20,36 milyon seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplam internet aboneli\u011finde bir \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re %1,6 art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olup fiber, kablo ve \u00f6zellikle mobil internet abonelerinin artmas\u0131yla birlikte internet abone say\u0131s\u0131ndaki genel art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimi de devam etmi\u015ftir. Toplam internet abone say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 ise %22,4 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir (\u00c7izelge 7)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge 7: Ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fidine G\u00f6re \u0130nternet Abone Say\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
2012-1<\/td>\n2012-4<\/td>\n2013-1<\/td>\nY\u0131ll\u0131k B\u00fcy\u00fcme Oran\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(2012-1\u20262013-1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.736.138<\/td>\n6.643.299<\/td>\n6.678.907<\/td>\n-0,8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
xDSL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.780.895<\/td>\n1.909.530<\/td>\n1.977.612<\/td>\n11,0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mobil Bilgisayardan \u0130nternet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.161.092<\/td>\n10.252.370<\/td>\n10.380.563<\/td>\n45,0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mobil Cepten \u0130nternet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
483.843<\/td>\n500.658<\/td>\n501.201<\/td>\n3,6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kablo \u0130nternet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
378.475<\/td>\n645.092<\/td>\n741.675<\/td>\n96,0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fiber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Di\u011fer<\/td>\n139.858<\/td>\n139.665<\/td>\n137.256<\/td>\n-1,9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16.680.301<\/td>\n20.090.614<\/td>\n20.417.214<\/td>\n22,4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOPLAM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kaynak: BTK<\/p>\n

xDSL teknolojisi ile hizmet sunan alternatif i\u015fletmeciler T\u00fcrk Telekom\u2019dan toptan seviyede xDSLAl-Sat (yeniden sat\u0131\u015f), IP Seviyesinde Veri Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Eri\u015fimi (VAE) ve Yerel A\u011fa Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Eri\u015fim (Yerel A\u011f\u0131n Payla\u015f\u0131ma A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131-YAPA) hizmetleri almaktad\u0131r. Mart<\/p>\n

2013 itibar\u0131yla YAPA abone say\u0131s\u0131 4.348 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken bunlar\u0131n 1.672\u2019sini tam eri\u015fim, 2.676\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 ise payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 eri\u015fim aboneleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla xDSL Al-Sat(yeniden sat\u0131\u015f) y\u00f6ntemiyle hizmet sunulan abone say\u0131s\u0131 309.668 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer xDSL abonelerine hizmet sunumunda VAE y\u00f6ntemi tercih edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sabit geni\u015fbant internet abonelerinin h\u0131zlara g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na \u015eekil 19<\/a>\u2019da yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re sabit geni\u015fbant abonelerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %78\u2019inin 8 Mbit\/sn h\u0131za kadar ba\u011flant\u0131 sunan paketleri tercih ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1 Mbit\/sn h\u0131z\u0131ndaki geni\u015fbant abonelerin oran\u0131 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 birinci \u00e7eyrekte %8\u2019e yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2 Mbit\/sn ve 4 Mbit\/sn h\u0131zlar\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar ile 8 Mbit\/sn\u2019den daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n oranlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 ise %13\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

37<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri44x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: BTK<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 19: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de H\u0131zlara g\u00f6re Sabit Geni\u015fbant \u0130nternet Abonelerinin Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da yer verilen \u00fclkemiz sabit geni\u015fbant abone say\u0131s\u0131 ve halihaz\u0131rda IPTV hizmetinden faydalanan abonelerin say\u0131s\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan IPTV hizmetlerinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in potansiyelin b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitekim, IPTV hizmetlerinin, toplam TV sahibi hane halk\u0131na oran\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye incelenmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7erisinde son s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 20)<\/a>1.<\/p>\n

1 T.C. Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2013, Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisinin Yenilenmesi Projesi Geni\u015fbant Altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve Sekt\u00f6rel Rekabet Ekseni Mevcut Durum Raporu.<\/p>\n

38<\/p>\n

\"IPTV_Hizmetleri45x1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 20: IPTV kullan\u0131m Oranlar\u0131<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n birinci \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibariyle toplam 8 milyon civar\u0131nda olan sabit geni\u015fbant abonelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n 8 Mbps\u2019e kadar ve 8Mbps \u00fcst\u00fc h\u0131zlardaki ba\u011flant\u0131lardan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun da IPTV ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in potansiyeli artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde IPTV hizmeti sunmak isteyen i\u015fletmecilerin y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gereksinimini yerle\u015fik i\u015fletmeci T\u00fcrk Telekom\u2019dan temin etmek (YAPA, VAE) veya kendi<\/p>\n

\u015febekelerini kurmak gibi iki farkl\u0131 alternatifleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. TTNet\u2019in sunmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

IPTV hizmetiyle birlikte kullan\u0131c\u0131lara sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7oklu paket hizmetleri, bu tip hizmetleri sunamayan i\u015fletmeciler i\u00e7in dezavantaj yaratabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda abonelerine IPTV hizmeti sunan TTNet ile di\u011fer \u0130SS\u2019lerin etkin bir bi\u00e7imde rekabet edebilmeleri i\u00e7in di\u011fer \u0130SS\u2019lerin de benzer hizmetler sunabilmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda kendi \u015febekesini kuramayacak i\u015fletmecilerin de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de IPTV hizmetini sunabilmesinin \u00f6nemi BTK taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen pazar analizleri kapsam\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (BTK, 2012):<\/p>\n

Bu itibarla, zaman i\u00e7erisinde geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim hizmetinin, VoIP ve IPTV hizmetlerini i\u00e7eren ikili ya da \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc paketler halinde giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 ve abonelerin hizmet al\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fletmeci tercihinde giderek \u00f6nem kazanan bir husus olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

39<\/p>\n

Bu sebeple, geni\u015fbant eri\u015fim hizmetleri \u00fczerinden \u0130SS\u2019lerin IPTV hizmeti sunabilmelerinin temin edilmesinin perakende pazardaki rekabetin tesisi ve geli\u015ftirilmesi ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir husus oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu itibarla, BTK taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan 11.01.2013 tarih ve 2013\/DK-SRD-29 say\u0131l\u0131 Kurul Karar\u0131 ile onaylanan Veri Ak\u0131\u015f Eri\u015fimini \u0130\u00e7eren Toptan Geni\u015fbant Eri\u015fim Pazar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Telekom\u2019a getirilen eri\u015fim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cT\u00fcrk Telekom taraf\u0131ndan sunulacak eri\u015fim hizmetlerinin, \u0130SS\u2019lerin son kullan\u0131c\u0131lara IP \u00fczerinden ses ve TV hizmetleri gibi farkl\u0131 ve yeni hizmetler sunulabilmesine olanak tan\u0131yacak \u015fekilde olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u201d <\/em>\u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenerek alternatif i\u015fletmecilerin de IPTV hizmeti sunabilmeleri i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

40<\/p>\n

6. SONU\u00c7 VE DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMELER<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131nsaman\u0131n sonucu olarak yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, telekom\u00fcnikasyon ve bilgi teknolojileri sekt\u00f6rlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ortadan kalkarak yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye do\u011fru gitmektedir. Daha \u00f6nce tamamen birbirinden ayr\u0131 olan bu sekt\u00f6rler art\u0131k say\u0131sal bir alana do\u011fru yak\u0131nsamaktad\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan say\u0131sal ortak \u015febeke ise, IP\u2019dir ve hizmetler IP \u015febekede yak\u0131nsamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu sayede g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, ses ve veri ayn\u0131 \u015febeke \u00fczerinde paketler halinde ta\u015f\u0131nabilmekte, bu hizmetlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli bile\u015fenleri de sunulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

IP \u015febekelerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile geleneksel telekom\u00fcnikasyon y\u00f6ntemleri ile daha \u00f6nce verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan baz\u0131 hizmetlerin verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir. IP tabanl\u0131 hizmetler sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, katma de\u011feri ve verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IP tabanl\u0131 hizmetler; bilgi ve ileti\u015fim teknolojilerindeki geli\u015fmeler ve yak\u0131nsaman\u0131n da etkisiyle, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez unsurlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k hemen hemen t\u00fcm bilgi ileti\u015fim hizmetleri<\/p>\n

IP teknolojisi \u00fczerinden verilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

IPTV ise IP tabanl\u0131 \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden verilenler aras\u0131nda \u00fcmit vadeden hizmetlerden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Geleneksel TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n tersine IPTV teknolojisi istenilen program\u0131n istenildi\u011fi zaman izlenmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmakta; kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011fun i\u015f ve ya\u015fam temposu i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck planlar\u0131n\u0131 TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n aksine kendi programlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yapmalar\u0131na da imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. IPTV teknolojisi gittik\u00e7e pop\u00fcler bir kavram haline gelen VoD i\u00e7in de uyumlu bir altyap\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6nemi yay\u0131nc\u0131 ile izleyici aras\u0131nda daha fazla etkile\u015fim talep etmektedir. Geni\u015fbant \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan IPTV yay\u0131n\u0131, geleneksel TV yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 yay\u0131n prensibinin aksine iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ileti\u015fim sa\u011flayabildi\u011finden etkile\u015fim ihtiyac\u0131na da cevap verebilmektir. Buna ek olarak; IPTV ile TV istasyonlar\u0131, yay\u0131nc\u0131lar, yap\u0131mc\u0131lar ve reklamc\u0131lar i\u00e7in do\u011frudan bir geri besleme de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130zleyicilerin be\u011feni ve taleplerini do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00e7erek anlayabilmek yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fimdir.<\/p>\n

IPTV hizmetinin di\u011fer bir avantaj\u0131 da \u00f6nemi gittik\u00e7e artan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kalitesi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim, t\u00fcketiciler y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc, y\u00fcksek ses kalitesine sahip ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ekranl\u0131 e\u011flence sistemleri talep etmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu e\u011flence sistemlerinin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin iletimi i\u00e7in en uygun alternatiflerden bir de IPTV\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

41<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecileri ve yay\u0131n \u015firketleri, yeni gelir kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan IPTV teknolojisini h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bir hizmet haline getirmi\u015ftir. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan IPTV, say\u0131sal televizyon kanallar\u0131n\u0131 izleyicilere ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yeni ve basit bir platformdur. Uydu, kablo ve karasal sistemlerle rekabet etme potansiyeline ra\u011fmen, bunlar\u0131 tamamlayan bir platform olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

IPTV\u2019nin pazarda geli\u015fiminin desteklenmesi ve alternatif i\u015fletmecilerin de yerle\u015fik i\u015fletmeciler ile etkin bir \u015fekilde rekabet edebilmeleri i\u00e7in \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenleyici tedbirler al\u0131nabildi\u011fi; ancak Fransa gibi yayg\u0131n IPTV kullan\u0131m\u0131na sahip baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ise, telekom\u00fcnikasyon i\u015fletmecilerine toptan seviyede herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck getirilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bel\u00e7ika ve \u0130spanya gibi baz\u0131 AB \u00fclkelerinde ise yerle\u015fik i\u015fletmeciye toptan seviyede sunaca\u011f\u0131 veri ak\u0131\u015f eri\u015fimi kapsam\u0131nda multicast y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirildi\u011fi, buna kar\u015f\u0131n yerel a\u011f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nde olan \u00fclkelerde ise multicast y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ziyade ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hatlarla hizmet sunumunun tercih edildi\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, IPTV konusunda \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir d\u00fczenleyici yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; her \u00fclkenin kendi sekt\u00f6r \u015fartlar\u0131na (talep durumuna), y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015fbant internet ba\u011flant\u0131 yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (fiber \u015febeke yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hat say\u0131s\u0131 vb), kablo TV ve uydu gibi alternatif \u015febekelerin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fccretsiz TV kanallar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da talebi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla IPTV geli\u015fimini etkiledi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Telekom\u00fcnikasyon sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6steren i\u015fletmeciler, altyap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7 ana hizmeti birden sunarak \u00f6l\u00e7ek ve kapsam ekonomilerinden faydalanmak istemektedirler. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 ana hizmet ses, veri ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7 hizmetin tek bir i\u015fletmeci taraf\u0131ndan verilmesi \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 i\u015fletmeci taraf\u0131ndan verilmesine g\u00f6re sabit yat\u0131r\u0131m ve i\u015fletme maliyetlerinde kayda de\u011fer avantajlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in de \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 i\u015fletmeci, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 altyap\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 fatura yerine \u201ctek ma\u011fazadan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f\u201d (one-stop-shop) avantaj\u0131 ile ciddi faydalar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 76 milyon civar\u0131nda olan n\u00fcfusu ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 4 saatlik televizyon izleme ortalamas\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla televizyon izlenen \u00fclkelerinden biridir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131l\u0131nca<\/p>\n

42<\/p>\n

televizyon sekt\u00f6r\u00fc hem yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in hem de yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak isteyenler i\u00e7in cazip bir potansiyel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Buradan hareketle; i\u015fletmecilerin \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyuna dahil olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak gelir beklentilerinin daha olumlu olmas\u0131 sa\u011flanacak; bu da telekom\u00fcnikasyon altyap\u0131lar\u0131na yap\u0131lacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oyunun \u00f6zendirilmesinin \u00f6nemli bir strateji olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de IPTV\u2019nin kendi pazar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturup yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmesi \u00f6ncelikle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir geni\u015fbant altyap\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz sabit geni\u015fbant abone say\u0131s\u0131 ve h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda IPTV hizmetinden faydalanan abonelerin say\u0131s\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde,<\/p>\n

\u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan IPTV hizmetlerinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in potansiyelin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Nitekim hem yerle\u015fik i\u015fletmeci hem de alternatif i\u015fletmeciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan fiber yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmakta, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geni\u015fbant abone say\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda ba\u011flanan abone say\u0131lar\u0131 artmaya devam etmektedir. Ancak bu noktada belirtilmesi gereken husus, IP tabanl\u0131 yeni nesil \u015febeke altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

TTNet taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131c\u0131lara sunulan IPTV hizmetiyle birlikte \u00e7oklu paket hizmetleri, bu tip hizmetleri sunamayan i\u015fletmeciler i\u00e7in dezavantaj yaratabilece\u011finden; di\u011fer \u0130SS\u2019lerin de<\/p>\n

TTNet ile benzer hizmetler sunabilmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve eri\u015fim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk Telekom\u2019un alternatif i\u015fletmecilerin IPTV hizmeti sunabilmelerini teminen VAE topolojisinde multicast teknolojisinin kullan\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde eri\u015fim hizmeti sunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine BTK taraf\u0131ndan karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, IPTV\u2019nin sunulabilece\u011fi altyap\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, zengin i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde sunulmas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evenin belirli olmas\u0131 IPTV\u2019nin yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

43<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Acar, E., 2010, T\u00fcrkiye IPTV Raporu, \u0130nternet Temelli Televizyon Teknolojileri Derne\u011fi,http:\/\/iptv.org.tr\/iptv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/IP-TV_Mart_2011-2-2.pdf<\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Altun, Z., Workcube A.\u015e., http:\/\/www.workcube.com\/internet-tv-nedir-ne-ise-yarar<\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Avrupa Komisyonu, 2012, Say\u0131sal G\u00fcndem, (\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i) https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-<\/a>agenda\/sites\/digital-agenda\/files\/KKAH12001ENN-PDFWEB_1.pdf<\/a>,<\/a>(06.03.2013).<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Atan, S., 2009, IPTV Teknolojisine Giri\u015f, http:\/\/www.pclabs.com.tr\/2009\/03\/07\/iptv-<\/a>teknolojisine-giris\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\uf0b7Bayrak, M., 2007, IPTV Sunumu.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7BTK, 2008, IP Tabanl\u0131 Hizmetler: VOIP ve IPTV.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7BTK, 2009, Yak\u0131nsama: Telekom\u00fcnikasyon ve Medya Sekt\u00f6rleri A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan D\u00fczenlemelere Etkiler.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7BTK, 2011, D\u00fczenleyici Kurumlar\u0131n Say\u0131sal Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta Rol\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7BTK, 2012, Veri Ak\u0131\u015f Eri\u015fimini \u0130\u00e7eren Toptan Geni\u015fbant Eri\u015fim Pazar\u0131: Pazar Analizi, Nihai Dok\u00fcman<\/p>\n

\uf0b7BTK, 2013, 2013 Y\u0131l\u0131 1. \u00c7eyrek \u00dc\u00e7 Ayl\u0131k Pazar Verileri Raporu.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Bulamac\u0131, K., 2012, IPTV’ye h\u0131zl\u0131dan da h\u0131zl\u0131 internet gerekiyor,http:\/\/iptv.org.tr\/iptv\/index.php\/2012\/05\/02\/iptvye-hizlidan-da-hizli-internet-gerekiyor\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\uf0b7CAMPAIGN, 2013, T\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnyada Online Davran\u0131\u015flar 2012, Campaign T\u00fcrkiye<\/em><\/p>\n

Dergisi.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7CISCO, 2012, White Paper: \u201cCisco Virtual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology,<\/p>\n

2011-2016\u201d.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7CISCO, 2013, \u201cCisco Virtual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast<\/p>\n

Update, 2012-2017\u201d.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Fredebeul-Krein, M. ve Steingr\u00f6ver, M., 2013, \u201cWholesale broadband access to IPTV in an NGA environment: How to deal with it from a regulatory perspective?\u201d,<\/p>\n

Telecommunications Policy.<\/p>\n

44<\/p>\n

\uf0b7GLOBAL WEB, 2012, Index Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ITU, 2008, Report of FG IPTV progress and request for comment.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ITU, 2008, Updated draft of new ITU-T Rec. H.iptv-hn \u201cAspects of home network supporting IPTV services\u201d.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Multimedia Research Group (MRG, Inc), 2012, IPTV Global Forecast: 2011 to 2015 Report.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7OECD, 2007, DSTI\/ICCP\/CISP(2006)5\/FINAL IPTV: Market Developments and Regulatory Treatment.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7OECD, 2012, Internet Economy Outlook 2012.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7OECD, 2013, Communications Outlook 2013.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7OFCOM, 2012, International Communications Market Report 2011.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Sadiku, M.N. ve Nelatury, S. , 2011, IPTV: An alternative to traditional cable and satellite television, IEEE.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Tadayoni, R. ve Sigurdsson, H., 2006, \u201cIPTV market development and regulatory aspects\u201d, Center for Information and Communication Technologies, CICT COM, Technical University of Denmark.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7T.C. Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2013, Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisinin Yenilenmesi Projesi<\/p>\n

Geni\u015fbant Altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve Sekt\u00f6rel Rekabet Ekseni Mevcut Durum Raporu.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Thomson, J., 2008, Status of IPTV Business and Regulation across Europe, Cullen International.<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Uluo\u011flak\u00e7\u0131 C., 2012, \u201cMedya Ekonomisinden \u0130\u015f Modeline: Yeni Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k Ekolojileri\u201d, Uzmanl\u0131k Tezi, RT\u00dcK, Ankara.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet Kaynaklar\u0131:<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Cellular News <\/a>http:\/\/www.cellular-news.com\/story\/50029.php?s=h.<\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n

\uf0b7DMI, http:\/\/www.dmiinter.com\/iptv\/index.php\/en\/ <\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n

45<\/p>\n

\uf0b7ITU,http:\/\/www.itu.int\/ITU- T\/newslog\/ITU+IPTV+Standards+The+Basis+For+Transcontinental+IPTV+Experiment.a spx<\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Point Topic, http:\/\/point-topic.com\/<\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n

\uf0b7TeleGeography<\/a>http:\/\/www.telegeography.com\/products\/commsupdate\/articles\/2012\/07\/05\/better-late-<\/a>than-never-copaco-launches-iptv-six-months-behind-schedule\/<\/a>(10.07.2013)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7TeleGeography, http:\/\/www.telegeography.com\/press\/marketing-emails\/2012\/06\/20\/iptv-<\/a>broadband-penetration-reaches-15-percent-growth-prospects-are-patchy\/index.html<\/a>(10.07.2013)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7TeleGeography, http:\/\/www.telegeography.com\/press\/marketing-emails\/2012\/06\/20\/iptv-<\/a>broadband-penetration-reaches-15-percent-growth-prospects-are-patchy\/index.html<\/a>(10.07.2013)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7TeleGeography,http:\/\/www.telegeography.com\/products\/commsupdate\/articles\/2011\/03\/17\/iptv-subs-<\/a>reach-45-million-as-telcos-achieve-10-penetration-rate\/<\/a>(10.07.2013)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7Optotel, http:\/\/www.optotel.pl\/pl\/technologie\/triple-play<\/a>(10.07.2013).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEK\u0130LER Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130 \u00d6ZET\u0130 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. i 1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 2. IPTV GENEL DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME……………………………………………………………………. 4 2.1 IPTV\u2019N\u0130N TANIM VE KAPSAMI………………………………………………………………………… 4 2.2 IPTV\u2019N\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 …………………………………………………………………………………. 6 2.3 IPTV\u2019DE \u015eEBEKE YAPISI………………………………………………………………………………… 8 2.4 IPTV KAPSAMINDA VER\u0130LEB\u0130LEN H\u0130ZMETLER…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogum"],"yoast_head":"\nBTK'n\u0131n IPTV Temmuz 2013 Raporu - At\u0131f \u00dcnald\u0131 | Yaz\u0131lar ve Yay\u0131n Ar\u015fivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atif.unaldi.org\/blog\/2013\/08\/22\/btknin-iptv-temmuz-2013-raporu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BTK'n\u0131n IPTV Temmuz 2013 Raporu - At\u0131f \u00dcnald\u0131 | Yaz\u0131lar ve Yay\u0131n Ar\u015fivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEK\u0130LER Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130 \u00d6ZET\u0130 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. i 1. 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